NDLI: Cosmogenic Radionuclides as an Extension of the Neutron Monitor Era into the Past: Potential and Limitations

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Beer, J. McCracken, K. G. Abreu, J. Heikkilä, U. Steinhilber, F.
Copyright Year	2011
Abstract	The cosmogenic radionuclides, $^{10}$Be, $^{14}$C and others, provide a record of the paleo-cosmic radiation that extends >10,000 years into the past. They are the only quantitative means at our disposal to study the heliosphere prior to the commencement of routine sunspot observations in the 17th century. The cosmogenic radionuclides are primarily produced by secondary neutrons generated by the galactic cosmic radiation, and can be regarded, in a sense, as providing an extrapolation of the neutron monitor era into the past. However, their characteristics are quite different from the man-made neutron monitor in several important respects: (1) they are sensitive to somewhat lower cosmic ray energies; (2) their temporal resolution is ∼1 to 2 years, being determined by the rapidity with which they are sequestered in ice, biological, or other archives; (3) the statistical precision for annual data is very poor (∼19%); however it is quite adequate (∼5% for 22-year averages) to study the large variations (±40%) that have occurred in the paleo-cosmic ray record in the past between grand solar minima and maxima. The data contains “noise” caused by local meteorological effects, and longer-term climate effects, and the use of principal component analysis to separate these “system” effects from production effects is outlined. The concentrations of $^{10}$Be decreased by a factor of two at the commencement of Holocene, the present-day “interglacial”, due to a 100% increase in the ice accumulation rates in polar regions. The use of the $^{10}$Be flux to study heliospheric properties during the last glacial is discussed briefly.
Starting Page	89
Ending Page	100
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00386308
Journal	Space Science Reviews
Volume Number	176
Issue Number	1-4
e-ISSN	15729672
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2011-12-01
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Cosmogenic radionuclides Cosmic rays Neutron monitors Solar activity Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Sciences Planetology Aerospace Technology and Astronautics Astrophysics and Astroparticles
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Astronomy and Astrophysics Space and Planetary Science

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