NDLI: The Cassini Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer (INMS) Investigation

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Waite, J. H. Lewis, W. S. Kasprzak, W. T. Anicich, V. G. Block, B. P. Cravens, T. E. Fletcher, G. G. Ip, W. H. Luhmann, J. G. Mcnutt, R. L. Niemann, H. B. Parejko, J. K. Richards, J. E. Thorpe, R. L. Walter, E. M. Yelle, R. V.
Copyright Year	2004
Abstract	The Cassini Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer (INMS) investigation will determine the mass composition and number densities of neutral species and low-energy ions in key regions of the Saturn system. The primary focus of the INMS investigation is on the composition and structure of Titan’s upper atmosphere and its interaction with Saturn’s magnetospheric plasma. Of particular interest is the high-altitude region, between 900 and 1000 km, where the methane and nitrogen photochemistry is initiated that leads to the creation of complex hydrocarbons and nitriles that may eventually precipitate onto the moon’s surface to form hydrocarbon–nitrile lakes or oceans. The investigation is also focused on the neutral and plasma environments of Saturn’s ring system and icy moons and on the identification of positive ions and neutral species in Saturn’s inner magnetosphere. Measurement of material sputtered from the satellites and the rings by magnetospheric charged particle and micrometeorite bombardment is expected to provide information about the formation of the giant neutral cloud of water molecules and water products that surrounds Saturn out to a distance of ∼12 planetary radii and about the genesis and evolution of the rings.The INMS instrument consists of a closed ion source and an open ion source, various focusing lenses, an electrostatic quadrupole switching lens, a radio frequency quadrupole mass analyzer, two secondary electron multiplier detectors, and the associated supporting electronics and power supply systems. The INMS will be operated in three different modes: a closed source neutral mode, for the measurement of non-reactive neutrals such as N$_{2}$ and CH$_{4}$; an open source neutral mode, for reactive neutrals such as atomic nitrogen; and an open source ion mode, for positive ions with energies less than 100 eV. Instrument sensitivity is greatest in the first mode, because the ram pressure of the inflowing gas can be used to enhance the density of the sampled non-reactive neutrals in the closed source antechamber. In this mode, neutral species with concentrations on the order of ≥10$^{4}$ cm$^{−3}$ will be detected (compared with ≥10$^{5}$ cm$^{−3}$ in the open source neutral mode). For ions the detection threshold is on the order of 10$^{−2}$ cm$^{−3}$ at Titan relative velocity (6 km sec$^{−1}$). The INMS instrument has a mass range of 1–99 Daltons and a mass resolutionM/ΔM of 100 at 10% of the mass peak height, which will allow detection of heavier hydrocarbon species and of possible cyclic hydrocarbons such as C$_{6}$H$_{6}$.The INMS instrument was built by a team of engineers and scientists working at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center (Planetary Atmospheres Laboratory) and the University of Michigan (Space Physics Research Laboratory). INMS development and fabrication were directed by Dr. Hasso B. Niemann (Goddard Space Flight Center). The instrument is operated by a Science Team, which is also responsible for data analysis and distribution. The INMS Science Team is led by Dr. J. Hunter Waite, Jr. (University of Michigan).
Starting Page	113
Ending Page	231
Page Count	119
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00386308
Journal	Space Science Reviews
Volume Number	114
Issue Number	1-4
e-ISSN	15729672
Language	English
Publisher	Kluwer Academic Publishers
Publisher Date	2004-01-01
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Cassini Titan Saturn Huygens Mass Spectrometry Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Sciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Astronomy and Astrophysics Space and Planetary Science

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
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4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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