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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Klecker, B. Möbius, E. Popecki, M. A. |
| Copyright Year | 2007 |
| Abstract | The ionic charge of solar energetic particles (SEP) as observed in interplanetary space is an important parameter for the diagnostic of the plasma conditions at the source region and provides fundamental information about the acceleration and propagation processes at the Sun and in interplanetary space. In this paper we review the new measurements of ionic charge states with advanced instrumentation onboard the SAMPEX, SOHO, and ACE spacecraft that provide for the first time ionic charge measurements over the wide energy range of ∼0.01 to 70 MeV/nuc (for Fe), and for many individual SEP events. These new measurements show a strong energy dependence of the mean ionic charge of heavy ions, most pronounced for iron, indicating that the previous interpretation of the mean ionic charge being solely related to the ambient plasma temperature was too simplistic. This energy dependence, in combination with models on acceleration, charge stripping, and solar and interplanetary propagation, provides constraints for the temperature, density, and acceleration time scales in the acceleration region. The comparison of the measurements with model calculations shows that for impulsive events with a large increase of Q $_{Fe}$(E) at energies ≤1 MeV/nuc the acceleration occurs low in the corona, typically at altitudes ≤0.2 R $_{ S }$. |
| Starting Page | 273 |
| Ending Page | 282 |
| Page Count | 10 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 00386308 |
| Journal | Space Science Reviews |
| Volume Number | 130 |
| Issue Number | 1-4 |
| e-ISSN | 15729672 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Springer Netherlands |
| Publisher Date | 2007-06-07 |
| Publisher Place | Dordrecht |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Sun: solar energetic particles Ionic charge states Planetology Astrophysics Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Sciences Astronomy |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Astronomy and Astrophysics Space and Planetary Science |
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