NDLI: North–South Asymmetry of Solar Diurnal Variations of Cosmic-Ray Intensity Throughout the Period 1975

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	El Borie, M. A. Abdel halim, A. A. El Monier, S. Y. Bishara, A. A.
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	Hourly cosmic-ray intensities, recorded by 15 neutron monitor detectors in both Earth hemispheres, have been analyzed according to the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) polarity sense (Toward (T) or Away (A)) to examine the asymmetry of solar diurnal variations (amplitudes and phases) during the time interval from 1975 to 2013. The vertical geomagnetic cut-off rigidity of these detectors is $R_{\mathrm{o}} \leq 13~\mbox{GV}$ . Previously, the north–south asymmetries of cosmic-ray intensity, between the northern and southern sectors with respect to the neutral sheet, have been studied for different periods to give an explanation as regards the cosmic ray flow in the direction parallel to the rotation axis of the Earth. The observed cosmic ray asymmetries between the two sectors were related to a corresponding N–S asymmetry of solar activity. Our results showed that during the years of minima and maxima solar activity cycles, asymmetric of latitudinal southward or northward gradients have been observed at both hemispheres. In addition, the southward and northward cosmic ray latitudinal gradients were frequently observed at stations on both hemispheres during the active period of the northern and/or southern hemispheres of the Sun. On the other hand, the differences in the solar diurnal (T–A) vectors show that the time of maximum depends on latitude at the point of observation. In addition, when the interplanetary magnetic field IMF was directed away from the Sun north of the current sheet, the northern solar diurnal vectors (T–A) shifted to later hours. Moreover, when the solar magnetic field is reversed, the phase of solar diurnal (T–A) vectors changed from 1 to 11 h, and from 3 to 9 h for northern and southern observations, respectively.
Starting Page	3817
Ending Page	3830
Page Count	14
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00380938
Journal	Solar Physics
Volume Number	291
Issue Number	12
e-ISSN	1573093X
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2016-10-27
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Interplanetary magnetic field polarities Sunspot areas North–South asymmetry of solar diurnal variations Latitudinal gradients of cosmic-rays Solar activity cycles Astrophysics and Astroparticles Atmospheric Sciences Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Exploration and Astronautics)
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Astronomy and Astrophysics Space and Planetary Science

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