NDLI: The Quest to Understand Supergranulation and Large-Scale Convection in the Sun

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Hanasoge, Shravan M. Sreenivasan, Katepalli R.
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	Surface granulation of the Sun is primarily a consequence of thermal transport in the outer 1 % of the radius. Its typical scale of about 1 – 2 Mm is set by the balance between convection, free-streaming radiation, and the strong density stratification in the surface layers. The physics of granulation is well understood, as demonstrated by the close agreement between numerical simulation, theory, and observation. Superimposed on the energetic granular structure comprising high-speed flows, are larger-scale long-lived flow systems (≈ 300 m s$^{−1}$) called supergranules. Supergranulation has a typical scale of 24 – 36 Mm. It is not clear if supergranulation results from the interaction of granules or is causally linked to deep convection or a consequence of magneto–convection. Other outstanding questions remain: how deep are supergranules? How do they participate in global dynamics of the Sun? Further challenges are posed by our lack of insight into the dynamics of larger scales in the deep convection region. Recent helioseismic constraints have suggested that convective-velocity amplitudes on large scales may be overestimated by an order of magnitude or more, implying that Reynolds stresses associated with large-scale convection, thought to play a significant role in the sustenance of differential rotation and meridional circulation, might be two orders of magnitude weaker than theory and computation predict. While basic understanding on the nature of convection on global scales and the maintenance of global circulations is incomplete, progress is imminent, given substantial improvements in computation, theory, and helioseismic inferences.
Starting Page	3403
Ending Page	3419
Page Count	17
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00380938
Journal	Solar Physics
Volume Number	289
Issue Number	9
e-ISSN	1573093X
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2014-01-21
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Helioseismology, direct modeling Interior, convective zone Waves, acoustic Astrophysics and Astroparticles Atmospheric Sciences Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Sciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Astronomy and Astrophysics Space and Planetary Science

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