NDLI: Coronal Density Structures and CMEs: Superior Solar Conjunctions of Mars Express, Venus Express, and Rosetta: 2004, 2006, and 2008

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Pätzold, Martin Hahn, Matthias Tellmann, Silvia Häusler, Bernd Bird, Michael K. Tyler, G. Leonard Asmar, Sami W. Tsurutani, Bruce T.
Copyright Year	2012
Abstract	Coronal radio-sounding experiments were carried out using the S-band (2.3 GHz) and X-band (8.4 GHz) signals of the ESA Mars Express, Venus Express, and Rosetta spacecraft during five superior conjunctions occurring in 2004, 2006 (3×), and 2008/2009. Differential frequency and propagation delay (ranging) observations were recorded during these opportunities over the better part of a solar cycle, yielding information on the large-scale structure of the coronal electron-density distribution and its variations, including fluctuations on time scales from seconds to hours. These results concern primarily regions of slow solar wind because the radio propagation path is generally confined to the low heliolatitude regions by the conjunction. The mean frequency fluctuation and total electron content are determined as a function of heliocentric distance, and, with a few exceptions caused by streamers and CMEs, are found to be consistent with previous results from experiments on Ulysses. Dense coronal streamers and several coronal mass ejection (CME) events were identified in the radio-frequency data, some of which were observed in white light by the LASCO coronagraphs onboard SOHO. For those events with sufficient mutual coverage, good correlations are found between the electron-content fluctuations and structure imaged by the LASCO instrument.
Starting Page	127
Ending Page	152
Page Count	26
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00380938
Journal	Solar Physics
Volume Number	279
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	1573093X
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2012-04-26
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Corona Superior conjunction CME Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Sciences Meteorology/Climatology Astrophysics and Astroparticles
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Astronomy and Astrophysics Space and Planetary Science

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