NDLI: Diffusional conductances to CO$_{2}$ as a target for increasing photosynthesis and photosynthetic water-use efficiency

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Flexas, Jaume Niinemets, Ülo Gallé, Alexander Barbour, Margaret M. Centritto, Mauro Diaz Espejo, Antonio Douthe, Cyril Galmés, Jeroni Ribas Carbo, Miquel Rodriguez, Pedro L. Rosselló, Francesc Soolanayakanahally, Raju Tomas, Magdalena Wright, Ian J. Farquhar, Graham D. Medra, Hipólito
Copyright Year	2013
Abstract	A key objective for sustainable agriculture and forestry is to breed plants with both high carbon gain and water-use efficiency (WUE). At the level of leaf physiology, this implies increasing net photosynthesis (A $_{N}$) relative to stomatal conductance (g $_{s}$). Here, we review evidence for CO$_{2}$ diffusional constraints on photosynthesis and WUE. Analyzing past observations for an extensive pool of crop and wild plant species that vary widely in mesophyll conductance to CO$_{2}$ (g $_{m}$), g $_{s}$, and foliage A $_{N}$, it was shown that both g $_{s}$ and g $_{m}$ limit A $_{N}$, although the relative importance of each of the two conductances depends on species and conditions. Based on Fick’s law of diffusion, intrinsic WUE (the ratio A $_{N}$/g $_{s}$) should correlate on the ratio g $_{m}$/g $_{s}$, and not g $_{m}$ itself. Such a correlation is indeed often observed in the data. However, since besides diffusion A $_{N}$ also depends on photosynthetic capacity (i.e., V $_{c,max}$), this relationship is not always sustained. It was shown that only in a very few cases, genotype selection has resulted in simultaneous increases of both A $_{N}$ and WUE. In fact, such a response has never been observed in genetically modified plants specifically engineered for either reduced g $_{s}$ or enhanced g $_{m}$. Although increasing g $_{m}$ alone would result in increasing photosynthesis, and potentially increasing WUE, in practice, higher WUE seems to be only achieved when there are no parallel changes in g $_{s}$. We conclude that for simultaneous improvement of A $_{N}$ and WUE, genetic manipulation of g $_{m}$ should avoid parallel changes in g $_{s}$, and we suggest that the appropriate trait for selection for enhanced WUE is increased g $_{m}$/g $_{s}$.
Starting Page	45
Ending Page	59
Page Count	15
File Format	PDF
ISSN	01668595
Journal	Photosynthesis Research
Volume Number	117
Issue Number	1-3
e-ISSN	15735079
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2013-05-14
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Photosynthesis Water-use efficiency Stomatal conductance Mesophyll conductance Meta-analysis Plant Sciences Plant Physiology Biochemistry Plant Genetics & Genomics
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cell Biology Plant Science Medicine Biochemistry

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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