NDLI: N$_{2}$O, CH$_{4}$ and CO$_{2 }$emissions from seasonal tropical rainforests and a rubber plantation in Southwest China

Content Provider	SpringerLink
Author	Werner, Christian Zheng, Xunhua Tang, Janwei Xie, Baohua Liu, Chunyan Kiese, Ralf Butterbach Bahl, Klaus
Copyright Year	2006
Abstract	The main focus of this study was to evaluate the effects of soil moisture and temperature on temporal variation of N$_{2}$O, CO$_{2}$ and CH$_{4}$ soil-atmosphere exchange at a primary seasonal tropical rainforest (PF) site in Southwest China and to compare these fluxes with fluxes from a secondary forest (SF) and a rubber plantation (RP) site. Agroforestry systems, such as rubber plantations, are increasingly replacing primary and secondary forest systems in tropical Southwest China and thus effect the N$_{2}$O emission in these regions on a landscape level. The mean N$_{2}$O emission at site PF was 6.0 ± 0.1 SE μg N m$^{−2}$ h$^{−1}$. Fluxes of N$_{2}$O increased from <5 μg N m$^{−2}$ h$^{−1}$ during dry season conditions to up to 24.5 μg N m$^{−2}$ h$^{−1}$ with re-wetting of the soil by the onset of first rainfall events. Comparable fluxes of N$_{2}$O were measured in the SF and RP sites, where mean N$_{2}$O emissions were 7.3 ± 0.7 SE μg N m$^{−2}$ h$^{−1}$ and 4.1 ± 0.5 SE μg N m$^{−2}$ h$^{−1}$, respectively. The dependency of N$_{2}$O fluxes on soil moisture levels was demonstrated in a watering experiment, however, artificial rainfall only influenced the timing of N$_{2}$O emission peaks, not the total amount of N$_{2}$O emitted. For all sites, significant positive correlations existed between N$_{2}$O emissions and both soil moisture and soil temperature. Mean CH$_{4}$ uptake rates were highest at the PF site (−29.5 ± 0.3 SE μg C m$^{−2}$ h$^{−1}$), slightly lower at the SF site (−25.6 ± 1.3 SE μg C m$^{−2}$ h$^{−1}$) and lowest for the RP site (−5.7 ± 0.5 SE μg C m$^{−2}$ h$^{−1}$). At all sites, CH$_{4}$ uptake rates were negatively correlated with soil moisture, which was also reflected in the lower uptake rates measured in the watering experiment. In contrast to N$_{2}$O emissions, CH$_{4}$ uptake did not significantly correlate with soil temperature at the SF and RP sites, and only weakly correlated at the PF site. Over the 2 month measurement period, CO$_{2}$ emissions at the PF site increased significantly from 50 mg C m$^{−2}$ h$^{−1}$ up to 100 mg C m$^{−2}$ h$^{−1}$ (mean value 68.8 ± 0.8 SE mg C m$^{−2}$ h$^{−1}$), whereas CO$_{2}$ emissions at the SF and RP site where quite stable and varied only slightly around mean values of 38.0 ± 1.8 SE mg C m$^{−2}$ h$^{−1}$ (SF) and 34.9 ± 1.1 SE mg C m$^{−2}$ h$^{−1}$ (RP). A dependency of soil CO$_{2}$ emissions on changes in soil water content could be demonstrated for all sites, thus, the watering experiment revealed significantly higher CO$_{2 }$emissions as compared to control chambers. Correlation of CO$_{2}$ emissions with soil temperature was significant at the PF site, but weak at the SF and not evident at the RP site. Even though we demonstrated that N and C trace gas fluxes significantly varied on subdaily and daily scales, weekly measurements would be sufficient if only the sink/ source strength of non-managed tropical forest sites needs to be identified.
Starting Page	335
Ending Page	353
Page Count	19
File Format	PDF
ISSN	0032079X
Journal	Plant and Soil
Volume Number	289
Issue Number	1-2
e-ISSN	15735036
Language	English
Publisher	Kluwer Academic Publishers
Publisher Date	2006-11-09
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Carbon dioxide Greenhouse gases Methane Nitrous oxide Soil moisture Soil temperature SE Asia Tropical rainforest Rubber plantation Ecology Plant Physiology Soil Science & Conservation Plant Sciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Soil Science Plant Science

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