NDLI: Barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv) is less competitive on rice (Oryza sativa L.) when phosphorus (P) is applied to deeper layers in P-deficient and moisture-limited soils

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Weerarathne, L. V. Y. Suriyagoda, Lalith D. B. Marambe, B.
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	Barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv) is a major C$_{4}$ weed in rice fields. We aimed to explore a management strategy to reduce its competition with rice (Oryza sativa L.) (C$_{3}$) in low-phosphorus (P) soil with varying soil moisture availability. Therefore, we investigated the effect of P placement at different depths.The main experiment was conducted in pots (15 cm diameter, 70 cm height) filled with P-deficient soil as a replacement series with different plant combinations (rice and barnyard grass monocultures; four plants per pot, and a mixture of rice and barnyard grass; two plants of each species per pot) with two P placement depths (0–5 and 15–20 cm from the soil surface) and three moisture treatments (continuous flooding - CF, alternate wetting and drying - AWD, and top soil drying - TSD from flowering). The pots were maintained until crop maturity. A rhizobox experiment supplemented the main experiment to study the root system plasticity during the initial growth stages (i.e., after 14 and 28 days of growth).Placement of P in a deeper soil layer (15–20 cm) reduced the growth and P uptake of barnyard grass by over 70 and 80 %, respectively, irrespective of the plant combination, and moisture treatments, while such reductions were not observed in rice. Reduced growth and P uptake of barnyard grass were associated with the arrested root elongation even from the very early growth stages failing to search for P applied to 15–20 cm soil layer. In contrast, root elongation of rice increased from early growth stages when P was applied at 15–20 cm soil depth and reached the P-supplied soil layer to ensure P uptake. Average root diameter decreased by 12 %, and the percentage fine root production (i.e., < 0.4 mm diameter) increased by 8 % when P was applied at 15–20 cm deep compared with those at 0–5 cm depth.Phosphorous placement at 15–20 cm soil depth reduced the competitive ability of barnyard grass over rice in P-deficient soils, irrespective of the soil moisture management method.
Starting Page	1
Ending Page	17
Page Count	17
File Format	PDF
ISSN	0032079X
Journal	Plant and Soil
Volume Number	391
Issue Number	1-2
e-ISSN	15735036
Language	English
Publisher	Springer International Publishing
Publisher Date	2015-01-21
Publisher Place	Cham
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	C$_{3}$ C$_{4}$ Competition Growth Nutrient-poor soil Phosphorus Root plasticity Plant Sciences Soil Science & Conservation Plant Physiology Ecology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Soil Science Plant Science

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