NDLI: Accumulation and Loss of Nitrogen in White Clover (Trifolium repens L.) Plant Organs as Affected by Defoliation Regime on Two Sites in Norway

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Sturite, Ievina Uleberg, Marianne Vileid Henriksen, Trond Maukon Jørgensen, Marit Bakken, Anne Kjersti Breland, Tor Arvid
Copyright Year	2006
Abstract	In order to improve the basis for utilising nitrogen (N) fixed by white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in northern agriculture, we studied how defoliation stress affected the N contents of major plant organs in late autumn, N losses during the winter and N accumulation in the following spring. Plants were established from stolon cuttings and transplanted to pots that were dug into the field at Apelsvoll Research Centre (60°42′ N, 10°51′ E) and at Holt Research Centre (69°40′ N, 18°56′ E) in spring 2001 and 2002. During the first growing season, the plants were totally stripped of leaves down to the stolon basis, cut at 4 cm height or left undisturbed. The plants were sampled destructively in late autumn, early spring the second year and after 6 weeks of new spring growth. The plant material was sorted into leaves, stolons and roots. Defoliation regime did not influence the total amount of leaf N harvested during and at the end of the first growing season. However, for intensively defoliated plants, the repeated leaf removal and subsequent regrowth occurred at the expense of stolon and root development and resulted in a 61–85% reduction in the total plant N present in late autumn and a 21–59% reduction in total accumulation of plant N (plant N present in autumn + previously harvested leaf N). During the winter, the net N loss from leaf tissue (N not recovered in living nor dead leaves in the spring) ranged from 57% to 74% of the N present in living leaves in the autumn, while N stored in stolons and roots was much better conserved. However, the winter loss of stolon N from severely defoliated plants (19%) was significantly larger than from leniently defoliated (12%) and non-defoliated plants (6%). Moreover, the fraction of stolon N determined as dead in the spring was 63% for severely defoliated as compared to 14% for non-defoliated plants. Accumulation in absolute terms of new leaf N during the spring was highly correlated to total plant N in early spring (R$^{2}$ = 0.86), but the growth rates relative to plant N present in early spring were not and, consequently, were similar for all treatments. The amount of inorganic N in the soil after snowmelt and the N uptake in plant root simulator probes (PRS$^{TM}$) during the spring were small, suggesting that microbial immobilisation, leaching and gas emissions may have been important pathways for N lost from plant tissue.
Starting Page	165
Ending Page	182
Page Count	18
File Format	PDF
ISSN	0032079X
Journal	Plant and Soil
Volume Number	282
Issue Number	1-2
e-ISSN	15735036
Language	English
Publisher	Kluwer Academic Publishers
Publisher Date	2006-01-01
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Leaves nitrogen dynamics roots stolons Trifolium repens winter losses Plant Sciences Ecology Plant Physiology Soil Science & Conservation
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Soil Science Plant Science

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Longevity of white clover (Trifolium repens) leaves, stolons and roots, and consequences for nitrogen dynamics under northern temperate climatic conditions.

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