NDLI: Direct Effects of Soil Amendments on Field Emergence and Growth of the Invasive Annual Grass Bromus tectorum L. and the Native Perennial Grass Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Newingham, Beth A. Belnap, Jayne
Copyright Year	2006
Abstract	Bromus tectorum L. is a non-native, annual grass that has invaded western North America. In SE Utah, B. tectorum generally occurs in grasslands dominated by the native perennial grass, Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth. and rarely where the natives Stipa hymenoides Roem. and Schult. and S. comata Trin. & Rupr. are dominant. This patchy invasion is likely due to differences in soil chemistry. Previous laboratory experiments investigated using soil amendments that would allow B. tectorum to germinate but would reduce B. tectorum emergence without affecting H. jamesii. For this study we selected the most successful treatments (CaCl$_{2}$, MgCl$_{2}$, NaCl and zeolite) from a previous laboratory study and applied them in the field in two different years at B. tectorum-dominated field sites. All amendments except the lowest level of CaCl$_{2}$ and zeolite negatively affected B. tectorum emergence and/or biomass. No amendments negatively affected the biomass of H. jamesii but NaCl reduced emergence. Amendment effectiveness depended on year of application and the length of time since application. The medium concentration of zeolite had the strongest negative effect on B. tectorum with little effect on H. jamesii. We conducted a laboratory experiment to determine why zeolite was effective and found it released large amounts of Na$^{+}$, adsorbed Ca$^{2+}$, and increased Zn$^{2+}$, Fe$^{2+}$, Mn$^{2+}$, Cu$^{2+}$, exchangeable Mg$^{2+}$, exchangeable K, and NH4+ in the soil. Our results suggest several possible amendments to control B. tectorum. However, variability in effectiveness due to abiotic factors such as precipitation and soil type must be accounted for when establishing management plans.
Starting Page	29
Ending Page	40
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
ISSN	0032079X
Journal	Plant and Soil
Volume Number	280
Issue Number	1-2
e-ISSN	15735036
Language	English
Publisher	Kluwer Academic Publishers
Publisher Date	2006-01-01
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	amendments invasion nutrients salt soil chemistry Plant Sciences Ecology Plant Physiology Soil Science & Conservation
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Soil Science Plant Science

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Direct Effects of Soil Amendments on Field Emergence and Growth of the Invasive Annual Grass Bromus tectorum L. and the Native Perennial Grass Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth

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Direct Effects of Soil Amendments on Field Emergence and Growth of the Invasive Annual Grass Bromus tectorum L. and the Native Perennial Grass Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth

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