NDLI: The invasive Sorghum halepense harbors endophytic N$_{2}$-fixing bacteria and alters soil biogeochemistry

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Rout, Marnie E. Chrzawski, Thomas H.
Copyright Year	2008
Abstract	Exotic plants invading new habitats frequently initiate broad changes in ecosystem functioning. Sorghum halepense is an invasive grass capable of growing in nitrogen (N)-poor tallgrass prairie soils that creates near monocultures in once phylogenetically diverse-communities. The biogeochemistry of soils invaded by S. halepense was compared to that of un-invaded native prairie soils. Invaded soils contained two to four times greater concentrations of alkaline metals, micronutrients, and essential plant nutrients than native prairie soils. The notable exception was Ca$^{+2}$, which was always significantly lower in invaded soils. The N-content of S. halepense above-ground biomass was 6.4 mg g$^{−1}$ (320 mg N plant$^{−1}$) and suggested a supplemental N source supporting plant growth. Altered soil biogeochemistry in invaded areas coupled with high above-ground biomass in N-poor soils suggested N$_{2}$-fixing activity associated with S. halepense. Nitrogenase activity of plant tissues indicated that N$_{2}$-fixation was occurring in, and largely restricted to, S. halepense rhizomes and roots. A culture approach was used to isolate these N$_{2}$-fixing bacteria from plant tissues, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to identify these bacterial isolates. Nitrogenase activity of bacterial isolates indicated several were capable of N$_{2}$-fixation. In addition to N$_{2}$-fixation, other roles involved in promoting plant growth, namely mobilizing phosphorus and iron chelation, are known for closest matching relatives of the bacterial isolates identified in this work. Our results indicate that these plant growth-promoting bacteria may enhance the ability of S. halepense to invade and persist by altering fundamental ecosystem properties via significant changes in soil biogeochemistry.
Starting Page	163
Ending Page	172
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISSN	0032079X
Journal	Plant and Soil
Volume Number	315
Issue Number	1-2
e-ISSN	15735036
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2008-08-05
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	N$_{2}$-fixing bacteria Endophytes Invasive plants Soil biogeochemistry Sorghum halepense Ecology Plant Physiology Soil Science & Conservation Plant Sciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Soil Science Plant Science

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