NDLI: Cluster Roots: A Curiosity in Context

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Shane, Michael W. Lambers, Hans
Copyright Year	2005
Abstract	Cluster roots are an adaptation for nutrient acquisition from nutrient-poor soils. They develop on root systems of a range of species belonging to a number of different families (e.g., Proteaceae, Casuarinaceae, Fabaceae and Myricaceae) and are also found on root systems of some crop species (e.g., albus, Macadamia integrifoliaandCucurbita pepo). Their morphology is variable but typically, large numbers of determinate branch roots develop over very short distances of main root axes. Root clusters are ephemeral, and continually replaced by extension of the main root axes. Carboxylates are released from cluster roots at very fast rates for only a few days during a brief developmental window termed an ‘exudative burst’. Most of the studies of cluster-root metabolism have been carried out using the crop plant L. albus, but results on native plants have provided important additional information on carbon metabolism and exudate composition. Cluster-root forming species are generally non-mycorrhizal, and rely upon their specialised roots for the acquisition of phosphorus and other scarcely available nutrients. Phosphorus is a key plant nutrient for altering cluster-root formation, but their formation is also influenced by N and Fe. The initiation and growth of cluster roots is enhanced when plants are grown at a very low phosphate supply (viz. ≤1 μM P), and cluster-root suppression occurs at relatively higher P supplies. An important feature of some Proteaceae is storage of phosphorus in stem tissues which is associated with the seasonality of cluster-root development and P uptake (winter) and shoot growth (summer), and also maintains low leaf [P]. Some species of Proteaceae develop symptoms of P toxicity at relatively low external P supply. Our findings with Hakea prostrata (Proteaceae) indicate that P-toxicity symptoms result after the capacity of tissues to store P is exceeded. P accumulation in H. prostrata is due to its strongly decreased capacity to down-regulate P uptake when the external P supply is supra-optimal. The present review investigates cluster-root functioning in (1) L.albus (white lupin), the model crop plant for cluster-root studies, and (2) native Proteaceae that have evolved in phosphate-impoverished environments.
Starting Page	101
Ending Page	125
Page Count	25
File Format	PDF
ISSN	0032079X
Journal	Plant and Soil
Volume Number	274
Issue Number	1-2
e-ISSN	15735036
Language	English
Publisher	Kluwer Academic Publishers
Publisher Date	2005-01-01
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	alternative oxidase carboxylates citrate mineral nutrition phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase phosphorus proteoid roots rhizosphere root exudation Plant Sciences Ecology Plant Physiology Soil Science & Conservation
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Soil Science Plant Science

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Impact of phosphorus mineral source (Al–P or Fe–P) and pH on cluster-root formation and carboxylate exudation in Lupinus albus L.

Carboxylate release of wheat, canola and 11 grain legume species as affected by phosphorus status

Cluster-root formation and carboxylate release in Euplassa cantareirae (Proteaceae) from a neotropical biodiversity hotspot

Does the combination of citrate and phytase exudation in Nicotiana tabacum promote the acquisition of endogenous soil organic phosphorus?

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus colonization in Nicotiana tabacum decreases the rate of both carboxylate exudation and root respiration and increases plant growth under phosphorus limitation

Growth Medium and Phosphorus Supply Affect Cluster Root Formation and Citrate Exudation by Lupinus albus Grown in a Sand/Solution Split-Root System

Citrate exudation induced by aluminum is independent of plasma membrane H$^{+}$-ATPase activity and coupled with potassium efflux from cluster roots of phosphorus-deficient white lupin

Phosphorus deficiency-induced modifications in citrate catabolism and in cytosolic pH as related to citrate exudation in cluster roots of white lupin

Maize responds to low shoot P concentration by altering root morphology rather than increasing root exudation

Cluster Roots: A Curiosity in Context

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Impact of phosphorus mineral source (Al–P or Fe–P) and pH on cluster-root formation and carboxylate exudation in Lupinus albus L.

Carboxylate release of wheat, canola and 11 grain legume species as affected by phosphorus status

Cluster-root formation and carboxylate release in Euplassa cantareirae (Proteaceae) from a neotropical biodiversity hotspot

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Citrate exudation induced by aluminum is independent of plasma membrane H$^{+}$-ATPase activity and coupled with potassium efflux from cluster roots of phosphorus-deficient white lupin

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Cluster Roots: A Curiosity in Context