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Are Calcium Ions and Calcium Channels Involved in the Mechanisms of Cu$^{2+}$ Toxicity in Bean Plants? The Influence of Leaf Age

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Are Calcium Ions and Calcium Channels Involved in the Mechanisms of Cu$^{2+}$ Toxicity in Bean Plants? The Influence of Leaf Age

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Maksymiec, W. Baszyński, T.
Copyright Year	1999
Abstract	The influence of calcium channel blockers and ionophore on Cu$_{2+}$-induced changes of the photosynthetic activity of runner bean plants (Phaseolus coccineus L.) was investigated. Excess Cu$_{2+}$ was applied to leaves by injection or via the roots to examine a short/local or a long time/systemic effect of this metal, respectively. The changes in fluorescence parameters indicated that the mechanism of toxic action of Cu$_{2+}$ ions on the photosynthetic apparatus was only partially connected with Ca$_{2+}$ or Ca$_{2+}$ channels. In young plants Ca$_{2+}$ diminished especially photochemical and nonphotochemical dissipative processes induced by short- and long-term influence of excess Cu$_{2+}$. Blocking of Ca$_{2+}$ channels did not change direct Cu$_{2+}$ action on the photosynthetic activity, however, their opening distinctly intensified the inhibitory effect of the metal. After a longer accumulation peri od the effect of Cu$_{2+}$ ions did not change significantly due to modified Ca$_{2+}$ penetration through membranes (except that caused by La$^{3+}$). Copper directly introduced into older leaves diminished only at its highest concentration the activity both of the donor and acceptor sides of photosystem 2 (PS2) connected with Rfd decrease and increase of LNU. A similar effect was observed also after a long-term Cu$_{2+}$ action, but disturbances on the acceptor side of PS2 were observed only at a higher Ca$_{2+}$ content in the nutrient solution. Ca$_{2+}$ ions, particularly after openning of channels, intensified direct inhibitory Cu$_{2+}$ action on the photosynthetic activity expressed by decreased values of F$_{v}$/F$_{0}$ and Rfd. Lanthanum and verapamil, at a lower Ca$_{2+}$ content in the medium, decreased the photosynthetic activity of Cu$_{2+}$-treated plants. This effect was also seen after additional Ca$_{2+}$ supply to the leaves.
Starting Page	267
Ending Page	278
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
ISSN	03003604
Journal	Photosynthetica
Volume Number	36
Issue Number	1-2
e-ISSN	15739058
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	1999-01-01
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Plant Physiology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Physiology Plant Science

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