NDLI: Monitoring the in Vivo Delivery of Proteins from Carbomer Hydrogels by X-Ray Fluorescence

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	MacLean McDavitt, Donald S. David Robertson, J. Jay, Michael
Copyright Year	2003
Abstract	Purpose. To measure the effect of protein size on their disappearance from subcutaneously implanted carbomer hydrogel matrices. Methods. A series of different molecular weight (MW) proteins were iodinated, incorporated into Carbopol hydrogels, injected subcutaneously into rats, and monitored using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Results. A 10 mg/mL minimum concentration of Carbopol-940 was necessary before protein [50 mg/mL iodinated bovine serum albumin (I-BSA)] retention times increased with increasing hydrogel concentration. The decreasing protein signal was not caused by outward protein diffusion or iodoprotein hydrolysis. As the protein MW increased, protein retention times lengthened [e.g., 6.2 h for insulin (5.7 kDa) to 13.3 h for thyroglobulin (669 kDa)]. Protein disappearance was monophasic first-order for some proteins and biphasic first-order for others. The disappearance rate constant ranged from 0.093 ± 0.005 h$^{−}$ $_{1/2}$ to 0.187 ± 0.057 h$^{−}$ $_{1/2}$, indicating gel erosion rather than protein diffusion as the rate-limiting mechanism. Entrapped I-BSA in Carbopol-1342 NF, pH 7.4, and Carbopol 2001-ETD, pH 7.4, gel matrices yielded different disappearance rates and profiles than Carbopol-940. The overall 50% disappearance rate of I-BSA was greatest for Carbopol-1342 NF (41 ± 8 h), followed by Carbopol-2001 ETD (25 ± 2 h) and Carbopol-940 (10.5 ± 0.7 h). Conclusion. XRF is a noninvasive technique that can be used to follow the status of macromolecules in vivo.
Starting Page	435
Ending Page	441
Page Count	7
File Format	PDF
ISSN	07248741
Journal	Pharmaceutical Research
Volume Number	20
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	1573904X
Language	English
Publisher	Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers
Publisher Date	2003-01-01
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Pharmacology/Toxicology Pharmacy Biochemistry Medical Law Biomedical Engineering
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Organic Chemistry Pharmacology Molecular Medicine Pharmacology (medical) Biotechnology Pharmaceutical Science

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
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