NDLI: Membrane Peptides and their Role in Protobiological Evolution

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Pohorille, Andrew Wilson, Michael A. Chipot, Christophe
Copyright Year	2003
Abstract	How simple membrane peptides performed such essential protocellular functions as transport of ions and organic matter across membranes separatingthe interior of the cell from the environment, capture and utilization ofenergy, and transduction of environmental signals, is a key question inprotobiological evolution.On the basis of detailed, molecular-level computer simulations we explainhow these peptides fold at water-membrane interfaces, insert intomembranes, self-assemble into higher-order structures and acquire functions.We have investigated the interfacial behavior and folding of several peptides builtof leucine and glutamine residues and have demonstrated that many of them tendto adopt ordered structures. Further, we have studied the insertion of an α-helical peptide containing leucine (L) and serine (S) of the form (LSLLLSL)$_{3}$ into a model membrane. The transmembranestate is metastable, and approximately 15 kcal mol$^{-1}$ is required to insert the peptide into the membrane.Investigations of dimers formed by (LSLLLSL)$_{3}$ and glycophorin A demonstratehow the favorable free energy of helix association can offset the unfavorable free energy of insertion, leading to self-assembly of peptidehelices in the membrane. An example of a self-assembled structure is thetetrameric transmembrane pore of the influenza virus M2 protein, which isan efficient and selective voltage-gated proton channel. Our simulations explain the gating mechanism and provide guidelines how to re-engineer thechannel to act as a simple proton pump. In general, emergence of integralmembrane proteins appears to be quite feasible and may be easierto envision than the emergence of water-soluble proteins.
Starting Page	173
Ending Page	197
Page Count	25
File Format	PDF
ISSN	01696149
Journal	Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres
Volume Number	33
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	15730875
Language	English
Publisher	Kluwer Academic Publishers
Publisher Date	2003-01-01
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Organic Chemistry Geochemistry Biochemistry
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Medicine Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Space and Planetary Science

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