NDLI: Regional Considerations of Coastline Change, Tsunami Damage and Recovery along the Southern Coast of the Bay of Izmit (The Kocaeli (Turkey) Earthquake of 17 August 1999)

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Rothaus, Richard M. Reinhardt, Eduard ller, Jay
Copyright Year	2004
Abstract	Co-seismic phenomena along the south coastline included liquefaction, subsidenceand tsunami. Construction on areas composed of fluvial and alluvial sediments aswell as unconsolidated fill increased the risk by creating potential for amplificationof seismic waves. Cyclic mobility liquefaction was common along the coastline, andlevel-ground liquefaction was observed. Flow liquefaction is held forth as a possibilityin the Değirmendere submarine landslide. Damage to structures was markedly more in areas of unconsolidated sediments. One or more tsunami struck immediately after the event; the uniformity of tsunami impact indicating a wave coming from 310° suggests that submarine faulting was the major source of tsunami. Over 800,000 m$^{2}$ of subsidence resulted from sediment slumping, fault controlled subsidence, and possibly post-liquefaction sediment compaction. After a brief period of post-event abandonment, reclamation and use of coastal areas is well underway. This creates a tension between human desires pushing for quick and inexpensive re-inhabitation of the coastal areas, and the needs for zoning and building codes for risk reduction. In this high-risk area suchcontrary cultural mandates cannot yield ideal results. It is suggested that an alternativemodel of immediate post-event creation of parks and natural areas that would yield benefit is preferable in coastal areas rather than the enforcement approach currently favored.
Starting Page	233
Ending Page	252
Page Count	20
File Format	PDF
ISSN	0921030X
Journal	Natural Hazards
Volume Number	31
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	15730840
Language	English
Publisher	Kluwer Academic Publishers
Publisher Date	2004-01-01
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Geophysics/Geodesy Hydrogeology Geotechnical Engineering Civil Engineering Environmental Management
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Atmospheric Science Water Science and Technology

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The Tsunami of August 17, 1999 in Izmit Bay, Turkey

Analysis and interpretation of the aftershock sequence of the August 17, 1999, Izmit (Turkey) earthquake

Physical and economic losses sustained by the industry in the 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey earthquake

The earthquake of 10 July 1894 in the Gulf of Izmit (Turkey) and its relation to the earthquake of 17 August 1999

Building damage from the Marmara, Turkey earthquake of August 17, 1999

Comparing Loss Estimation with Observed Damage: A Study of the 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake in Turkey

Comparing Loss Estimation with Observed Damage in a Zone of Ground Failure: A Study of the 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake in Turkey

Monitoring of fault healing after the 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey, earthquake

A fault zone cause of large amplification and damage in Avcılar (west of Istanbul) during 1999 Izmit earthquake

Regional Considerations of Coastline Change, Tsunami Damage and Recovery along the Southern Coast of the Bay of Izmit (The Kocaeli (Turkey) Earthquake of 17 August 1999)

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