NDLI: GIS technology for spatiotemporal measurements of gully channel width evolution

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Momm, Henrique G. Wells, Robert R. Bingner, Ronald L.
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	Field observations of ephemeral gully evolution in active croplands have often revealed the presence of a less erodible soil layer that is typically associated with tillage practices (i.e., plowpan). This more erosion-resistant layer limits channel incision forcing the gully channel to expand laterally through basal scour of the bank toe and gravitational mass movement of the gully channel sidewalls. Understanding the role and quantification of widening processes is vital to efforts to quantify soil loss from gullies. One major research challenge is designing laboratory experiments that replicate field conditions while accounting for and accurately measuring spatial and temporal gully channel characteristics. Technology was developed to capture 2-cm-spaced cross-sections along a soil flume at user-defined time intervals. Two off-the-shelf high-resolution cameras were positioned above the soil bed looking as close to nadir field of view as possible. Using open source technology, computer control of the cameras was used to trigger each camera at 10-s intervals and download individual images from the cameras. Out of the two sets of images generated (one set from each camera), only one set of images was selected for further processing based on the quality of image information defined by image clarity/sharpness and the presence/absence of light reflectance in the water. Batch processing scripts were used to geo-reference individual images within an image set based on known coordinates of control points and to re-sample each image into a standard raster grid cell size of 0.25 cm. Custom developed image processing software was utilized to identify image color discontinuities representing channel edges based on water and soil image color reflectance differences. After an additional filtering step, the set of image color discontinuities was converted into GIS polygons, and these polygons were then used to produce a set of cross-sections for each time interval (hundreds of cross-sections for each time interval). The technology offers an inexpensive alternative for collecting data from laboratory experiments and serves as a template for multi-purpose investigations where channel edge discontinuities need to be accurately measured at high temporal resolution.
Starting Page	97
Ending Page	112
Page Count	16
File Format	PDF
ISSN	0921030X
Journal	Natural Hazards
Volume Number	79
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	15730840
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2015-01-21
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Soil erosion Channel expansion GIS Ephemeral gully Image processing Natural Hazards Hydrogeology Geophysics/Geodesy Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences Civil Engineering Environmental Management
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Atmospheric Science Water Science and Technology

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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