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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Mishra, Om Prakash Zubrow, Alan B. Ashraf, Qazi M. Delivoria Papadopoulos, Maria |
| Copyright Year | 2006 |
| Abstract | The present study tests the hypothesis that post-hypoxic reoxygenation results in an nitric oxide (NO)-mediated increase in nuclear Ca$^{++}$-influx, increased calmodulin kinase (CaM kinase) IV activity, and increased Ser$^{133}$ phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element binding (CREB) protein in neuronal nuclei of the cerebral cortex of newborn piglets. Piglets were divided into normoxic (Nx), hypoxic (Hx, FiO$_{2}$ = 0.07 for 1 h), hypoxic with 6 h reoxygenation (Hx + reox), and Hx + reox injected with 7-nitroindazole sodium salt (7-NINA), a nNOS inhibitor, immediately after hypoxia (Hx + 7-NINA). Cerebral tissue hypoxia was documented by ATP and phosphocreatine (PCr) levels. Nuclear Ca$^{++}$-influx was determined using $^{45}$Ca$^{++}$ and CaM kinase IV activity determined by $^{33}$P-incorporation into syntide-2. Ser$^{133}$ phosphorylation of CREB protein was determined by Western blot analysis using a specific anti-phosphorylated Ser$^{133}$-CREB protein antibody. ATP and PCr values in Hx, Hx + reox, and Hx + 7-NINA were significantly different from Nx (P < 0.05 versus Nx). Ca$^{++}$-influx (pmoles/mg protein/min) was 3.79 ± 0.91 in Nx; 11.81 ± 2.54 in Hx (P < 0.05 versus Nx), 16.55 ± 3.55 in Hx + reox (P < 0.05 versus Nx), and 12.40 ± 2.93 in Hx + 7-NINA (P = NS versus Hx). CaM kinase IV activity (pmoles/mg protein/min) was 1,220 ± 76 in Nx, 2,403 ± 254 in Hx (P < 0.05 versus Nx), 1,971 ± 147 in Hx + reox (P < 0.05 versus Hx), and 1,939 ± 125 Hx + 7-NINA (P < 0.05 versus Hx). Ser$^{133}$ phosphorylated CREB protein expression (OD × mm$^{2}$) was 87 ± 2 in Nx, 203 ± 24 in Hx (P < 0.05 versus Nx), 186 ± 23 in Hx + reox (P < 0.05 Nx, P = NS versus Hx), and 128 ± 10 in Hx + 7-NINA (P < 0.05 versus Hx and Hx + reox). The results show that post-Hx administration of 7-NINA prevents the increased nuclear Ca$^{++}$-influx and CREB protein phosphorylation at Ser$^{133}$ during reox. We conclude that post-Hx increase in nuclear Ca$^{++}$-influx leading to increased phosphorylation of CREB protein is mediated by NO derived from nNOS. However, hypoxia-induced increase in CaM Kinase IV activity decreased during the post-Hx reox. We propose that hypoxia-induced increase in CaM Kinase IV activity leads to increased phosphorylation of CREB protein and transcription of proapoptotic genes during post-Hx reox resulting in Hx neuronal death. |
| Starting Page | 1463 |
| Ending Page | 1471 |
| Page Count | 9 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 03643190 |
| Journal | Neurochemical Research |
| Volume Number | 31 |
| Issue Number | 12 |
| e-ISSN | 15736903 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers |
| Publisher Date | 2006-11-08 |
| Publisher Place | New York |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Nitric oxide Nuclear Ca$^{++}$-influx CaM kinase IV CREB protein nNOS Hypoxia Brain Neurology Biochemistry Neurosciences |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Medicine Biochemistry Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience |
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