NDLI: Neuroactive Amino Acids in Focally Epileptic Human Brain: A Review

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Sherwin, Allan L.
Copyright Year	1999
Abstract	Studies of neuroactive amino acids and their regulatory enzymes in surgically excised focally epileptic human brain are reviewed. Concentrations of glutamate, aspartate and glycine are significantly increased in epileptogenic cerebral cortex. The activities of the enzymes, glutamate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase, involved in glutamate and aspartate metabolism are also increased. Polyamine synthesis is enhanced in epileptogenic cortex and may contribute to the activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMRS) reveals that patients with poorly controlled complex partial seizures have a significant diminution in occipital lobe gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration. The activity of the enzyme GABA-aminotransaminase (GABA-T) which catalyzes GABA degredation is not altered in epileptogenic cortex. NMRS studies show that vigabatrin, a GABA-T inhibitor and effective antiepileptic, significantly increases brain GABA. Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), responsible for GABA synthesis, is diminished in interneurons in discrete regions of epileptogenic cortex and hippocampus. In vivo microdialysis performed in epilepsy surgery patients provides measurements of extracellular amino acid levels during spontaneous seizures. Glutamate concentrations are higher in epileptic hippocampi and increase before seizure onset reaching potentially excitotoxic levels. Frontal or temporal cortical epileptogenic foci also release aspartate, glutamate and serine particularly during intense seizures or status epilepticus. GABA in contrast, exhibits a delayed and feeble rise in the epileptic hippocampus possibly due to a reduction in the number and/or efficiency of GABA transporters.
Starting Page	1385
Ending Page	1395
Page Count	11
File Format	PDF
ISSN	03643190
Journal	Neurochemical Research
Volume Number	24
Issue Number	11
e-ISSN	15736903
Language	English
Publisher	Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers
Publisher Date	1999-01-01
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Neurosciences Neurology Biochemistry
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Medicine Biochemistry Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Amino Acids in Epileptic Patients

Albumin dialysis has a favorable effect on amino acid profile in hepatic encephalopathy

Blood-Brain Barrier Carrier-Mediated Transport and Brain Metabolism of Amino Acids

Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Brain Metabolism

Brain Amino Acids During Hyponatremia In Vivo: Clinical Observations and Experimental Studies

The effects of discontinuous morphine intoxication on the pools of neuroactive amino acids and biogenic amines in brain regions

Amino Acids as Osmolytes in the Retina

The effect of the glycyl-proline dipeptide on the metabolism of neuroactive amino acids and indices of energy turnover in the neocortex of rats after experimental brain ischemia

The Recurrent Mossy Fiber Pathway of the Epileptic Brain

Neuroactive Amino Acids in Focally Epileptic Human Brain: A Review

Similar Documents

Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Amino Acids in Epileptic Patients

Albumin dialysis has a favorable effect on amino acid profile in hepatic encephalopathy

Blood-Brain Barrier Carrier-Mediated Transport and Brain Metabolism of Amino Acids

Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Brain Metabolism

Brain Amino Acids During Hyponatremia In Vivo: Clinical Observations and Experimental Studies

The effects of discontinuous morphine intoxication on the pools of neuroactive amino acids and biogenic amines in brain regions

Amino Acids as Osmolytes in the Retina

The effect of the glycyl-proline dipeptide on the metabolism of neuroactive amino acids and indices of energy turnover in the neocortex of rats after experimental brain ischemia

The Recurrent Mossy Fiber Pathway of the Epileptic Brain

Neuroactive Amino Acids in Focally Epileptic Human Brain: A Review