NDLI: Proteinase 3 Induces Neuronal Cell Death Through Microglial Activation

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Cho, Kyu Suk Lee, Eun Joo Kim, Jung Nam Choi, Ji Woong Kim, Hahn Young Han, Seol Heui Ryu, Jong Hoon Cheong, Jae Hoon Shin, Chan Young Kwon, Kyoung Ja
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	Proteinase 3 (PR3) is released from neutrophil granules and is involved in the inflammatory process. PR3 is implicated in antimicrobial defense and cell death, but the exact role of PR3 in the brain is less defined. Microglia is the major immune effector cells in the CNS and is activated by brain injury. In the present study, the effect of PR3 on glial activation was investigated. Microglial activation was assessed by the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species and expression of inflammatory cytokines. The conditioned media from activated microglia by PR3 was used for measuring the neurotoxic effects of PR3-stimulated microglia. The effects of PR3 in vivo were measured by microinjecting PR3 into the rat brain. Herein we show that PR3 increased the inflammatory responses including the intracellular ROS and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in rat primary microglia. Conditioned media from PR3-treated microglia induced neuronal cell death in a concentration dependent manner. Furthermore, microinjected PR3 into the striatum of the rat brain induced microglial activation and neuronal cell death. Interestingly treatment with anti-PR3 monoclonal antibody and protease inhibitors ameliorated microglial activation induced by PR3 in primary microglia and striatum, which also prevented neuronal cell death in both conditions. The data presented here suggest that PR3 is a direct modulator of microglial activation and causes neuronal death through the augmentation of inflammatory responses. We suggest that PR3 could be a new modulator of neuroinflammation, and blocking PR3 would be a promising novel therapeutic target for neuroinflammatory disease such as stroke and Alzheimer’s disease.
Starting Page	2242
Ending Page	2251
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISSN	03643190
Journal	Neurochemical Research
Volume Number	40
Issue Number	11
e-ISSN	15736903
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2015-09-08
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Neuroinflammation Neuronal death Glial activation PR3 ROS Neurosciences Neurochemistry Biochemistry Cell Biology Neurology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Medicine Biochemistry Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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