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Nicotinamide Attenuates Focal Ischemic Brain Injury in Rats: With Special Reference to Changes in Nicotinamide and NAD$^{+}$ Levels in Ischemic Core and Penumbra

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Nicotinamide Attenuates Focal Ischemic Brain Injury in Rats: With Special Reference to Changes in Nicotinamide and NAD$^{+}$ Levels in Ischemic Core and Penumbra

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Sadanaga Akiyoshi, Fumiko Yao, Hiroshi Tanuma, Sei ichi Nakahara, Tatsuo Hong, Jong Soon Ibayashi, Setsuro Uchimura, Hideyuki Fujishima, Masatoshi
Copyright Year	2003
Abstract	We investigated the neuroprotective action of nicotinamide in focal ischemia. Male spontaneously hypertensive rats (5–7 months old) were subjected to photothrombotic occlusion of the right distal middle cerebral artery (MCA). Either nicotinamide (125 or 250 mg/kg) or vehicle was injected IV before MCA occlusion. Changes in the cerebral blood flow (CBF) were monitored using laser-Doppler flowmetry, and infarct volumes were determined with TTC staining 3 days after MCA occlusion. In another set of experiments, the brain nicotinamide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD$^{+}$) levels were analyzed by HPLC using the frozen samples dissected from the regions corresponding to the ischemic core and penumbra. In the 250-mg/kg nicotinamide group, the ischemic CBF was significantly increased compared to that the untreated group, and the infarct volumes were substantially attenuated (−36%). On the other hand, the ischemic CBF in the 125 mg/kg nicotinamide group was not significantly different from the untreated CBF, however, the infarct volumes were substantially attenuated (−38%). Cerebral ischemia per se did not affect the concentrations of nicotinamide and NAD$^{+}$ both in the penumbra and ischemic core. In the nicotinamide groups, the brain nicotinamide levels increased significantly in all areas examined, and brain NAD$^{+}$ levels increased in the penumbra but not in the ischemic core. Increased brain levels of nicotinamide are considered to be primarily important for neuroprotection against ischemia, and the protective action may be partly mediated through the increased NAD$^{+}$ in the penumbra.
Starting Page	1227
Ending Page	1234
Page Count	8
File Format	PDF
ISSN	03643190
Journal	Neurochemical Research
Volume Number	28
Issue Number	8
e-ISSN	15736903
Language	English
Publisher	Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers
Publisher Date	2003-01-01
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Neurosciences Neurology Biochemistry
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Medicine Biochemistry Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience

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Nicotinamide Attenuates Focal Ischemic Brain Injury in Rats: With Special Reference to Changes in Nicotinamide and NAD$^{+}$ Levels in Ischemic Core and Penumbra