NDLI: Danthron Triggers ROS and Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptotic Death in C6 Rat Glioma Cells Through Caspase Cascades, Apoptosis-Inducing Factor and Endonuclease G Multiple Signaling

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Chiou, Shang Ming Chiu, Chiz Hao Yang, Su Tso Yang, Jai Sing Huang, Hui Ying Kuo, Chao Lin Chen, Po Yuan Chung, Jing Gung
Copyright Year	2012
Abstract	This research focused on the induction of cytotoxic effects by danthron, a natural anthraquinone derivative on C6 rat glioma cells through exploring the means of cell death and the effects on mitochondrial function. We found that danthron decreased the percentage of viable C6 cells and induced cell morphological changes in a dose-and time-dependent manner. The morphological and nuclei changes (DAPI staining) in C6 cells were observed using a contrast-microscope and fluorescence microscopy, respectively. The results suggest that cell death of C6 cells which are induced by danthron is closely related to apoptotic death. Danthron decreased the level of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ$_{ m }$), stimulated the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol and promoted the levels of caspase-9 and caspase-3, or induced the release of AIF and Endo G from mitochondria. Based on both observations, we suggest that the danthron-provoked apoptotic death of C6 cells is mediated through the mitochondria-dependent pathway. Furthermore, our results also indicated that danthron triggered apoptosis through reactive oxygen species (ROS) production which were increased after 1 h exposure of danthron, which was reversed by the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC). As a consequence, danthron-mediated cell death of C6 cells via ROS production, mitochondrial transmembrane potential collapse and releases of cytochrome c, AIF and Endo G. Taken together, danthron was demonstrated to be effective in killing C6 rat glioma cells via the ROS-promoted and mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathways.
Starting Page	1790
Ending Page	1800
Page Count	11
File Format	PDF
ISSN	03643190
Journal	Neurochemical Research
Volume Number	37
Issue Number	8
e-ISSN	15736903
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2012-05-17
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Danthron C6 rat glioma cells Apoptosis ROS Caspase cascades Mitochondria Neurology Biochemistry Neurosciences Neurochemistry Cell Biology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Medicine Biochemistry Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience

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