NDLI: Human Age Estimation by Considering both the Ordinality and Similarity of Ages

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Tian, Qing Xue, Hui Qiao, Lishan
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	The age sequence of human beings exhibits two striking characteristics: ordinal in age values and similar in facial appearance of neighboring ages. Although it has been demonstrated that such ordinality especially the neighboring similarity has positive influence on age estimation, existing approaches have yet not simultaneously taken the two types of information into the estimation. In this paper to conduct age estimation with considering both the ordinality and the neighbor similarity which we call soft-age-contribution (SAC), we take the widely used discriminant method LDA and the least squares regression (LS) as the research baseline, respectively. Firstly, we construct inequality-based large margin ordinal constraints and equality-based ordinal regression constraints and, respectively, incorporate them into LDA and LS to develop their respective ordinal counterpart, coined as OrLDA and OrLS. Next, in order to utilize the SAC information, we formulate two types of membership function to depict such neighboring similarity and embed them into OrLDA and OrLS, yielding soft and ordinal variants of LDA and LS, called SAC-OrLDA and SAC-OrLS in which both the ordinality and the neighboring similarity of ages are considered. Finally, through experiments on benchmark aging datasets, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our strategies in utilizing the two types of information to improving age estimation. In addition, we also quantitatively explore the similarity of neighboring ages, finding that generally about neighboring four years are similar in facial appearance to each other.
Starting Page	505
Ending Page	521
Page Count	17
File Format	PDF
ISSN	13704621
Journal	Neural Processing Letters
Volume Number	43
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	1573773X
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2015-04-02
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Age estimation Neighboring similarity Ordinal relationship Discriminant analysis Least squares regression Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics) Statistical Physics, Dynamical Systems and Complexity Computational Intelligence
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Neuroscience Artificial Intelligence Computer Networks and Communications Software

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