NDLI: Effects of surfactants on microwave-assisted solid-state intercalation of poly(carbazole) in Bentonite

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Riaz, Ufana Ashraf, S. M. Khan, Nisha
Copyright Year	2011
Abstract	The present preliminary investigation reports, for the first time, the effects of typical cationic and anionic surfactants on the microwave-assisted solid-state intercalation and polymerization of carbazole (Cz) in the basal spacings of Bentonite. The intercalation of cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPCl), a cationic surfactant, and naphthalene sulfonic acid (NSA), an anionic surfactant, in Bentonite was carried out at two loadings—25 and 50 wt%—using microwave irradiation. The in situ polymerization of Cz was successfully carried out into the surfactant-modified galleries of Bentonite. This was confirmed by Gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The intercalation of poly(carbazole) (PCz) was confirmed by FT-IR, UV–Visible, and XRD analyses. Although polymerization was carried out in the solid-state, the UV–Visible spectra revealed the doped state of PCz and the presence of a charge carrier tail. The XRD studies showed that the increase in the height of the galleries was higher in case of Bentonite/CPCl/PCz nanocomposites as compared to Bentonite/NSA/PCz nanocomposites. It also revealed different orientations of the two surfactants in the galleries of the clay. The average particle size of Bentonite/CPCl/PCz (1:0.25:0.25) and (1:0.5:0.5) nanocomposites was found to be in the range of 25–35 and 50–60 nm, respectively. The Bentonite/NSA/PCz (1:0.25:0.25) and (1:0.5:0.5) nanocomposites showed the average particle size in the range of 20–30 nm and 40–50 nm, respectively. The results revealed that both cationic and anionic surfactants strongly influenced the morphology of Bentonite/PCz nanocomposites. The difference in the mechanisms of solid-state intercalation of PCz in the presence of these surfactants has been proposed.
Starting Page	6321
Ending Page	6331
Page Count	11
File Format	PDF
ISSN	13880764
Journal	Journal of Nanoparticle Research
Volume Number	13
Issue Number	12
e-ISSN	1572896X
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2011-10-21
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Bentonite Poly(carbazole) Nanocomposites Microwave-assisted synthesis Solid-state intercalation Constructions Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Inorganic Chemistry Nanotechnology Optics, Optoelectronics, Plasmonics and Optical Devices Physical Chemistry
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Chemistry Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics Condensed Matter Physics Bioengineering Modeling and Simulation

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