NDLI: A reversible steganographic scheme for VQ indices based on joint neighboring and predictive coding

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Kieu, The Duc Rudder, Andrew
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	In this paper, we propose a novel reversible steganographic technique to embed secret data into digital images compressed using vector quantization (VQ). The proposed method is based on joint neighboring and predictive coding. The proposed technique can embed n secret bits into one VQ index, where n = 1, 2, 3, and 4. Our method uses left and upper neighboring VQ indexes and the difference between the current VQ index and the predicted value produced by the median edge detector predictor to achieve a low bit rate. The experimental results show that the proposed approach obtains embedding rates of 1, 2, 3, and 4 bits per index (bpi) with respective average bit rates of 0.409, 0.471, 0.534, and 0.596 bit per pixel (bpp) for a 256 sized codebook. This confirms that the proposed scheme outperforms three similar reversible data hiding schemes in VQ-compressed domain.
Starting Page	13705
Ending Page	13731
Page Count	27
File Format	PDF
ISSN	13807501
Journal	Multimedia Tools and Applications
Volume Number	75
Issue Number	21
e-ISSN	15737721
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2015-08-14
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Information hiding Steganography Watermarking Reversible data embedding Vector quantization Joint Neighboring Coding (JNC) Multimedia Information Systems Computer Communication Networks Data Structures, Cryptology and Information Theory Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Computer Networks and Communications Hardware and Architecture Software Media Technology

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