NDLI: Raman spectroscopy investigation of stiffness change and residual strains due to matrix cracking

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Katerelos, D. G. Lundmark, P. Varna, J. Galiotis, C.
Copyright Year	2006
Abstract	The matrix cracking models developed for cross-ply composite laminates have been poorly extended in the past to more complex geometries used in practice, and they are still under development. In this paper, a new detailed analysis of the effect of matrix cracking on the behaviour of cross-ply and [0/45]$_{s}$ laminates under uniaxial tension is attempted. The model used in this work is applicable both to cross-ply laminates and unbalanced systems. It gives exact closed-form expressions for all thermomechanical properties of a general symmetric laminate with cracks in arbitrary layers. The theoretical approach is backed by experimental data obtained by microscopic strain-state variation measurements within a specimen, with using the technique of laser Raman spectroscopy. Glass-fibre-reinforced epoxy systems were investigated. Embedded aramid fibres-sensors within the 0° ply and near the 0°/θ ° interface were necessary due to the poor Raman signal of glass. Using experimental Raman data, the residual strain and the stiffness reduction are determined as functions of increase in crack density. The stiffness reduction is predicted with a high accuracy, whereas the measured residual strains are larger than predicted. The good results for the reduction in the elastic modulus show that the basic assumption of the model is accurate. The difference is explained by the viscoelastic-viscoplastic behaviour of the off-axis layer in shear, which in creases the “apparent” residual strain.
Starting Page	535
Ending Page	546
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
ISSN	01915665
Journal	Mechanics of Composite Materials
Volume Number	42
Issue Number	6
e-ISSN	15738922
Language	English
Publisher	Kluwer Academic Publishers-Consultants Bureau
Publisher Date	2006-01-01
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Raman spectroscopy matrix cracking damage strain Characterization and Evaluation Materials Ceramics, Glass, Composites, Natural Methods Mechanics Structural Mechanics
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ceramics and Composites Mechanics of Materials Mathematics Biomaterials Condensed Matter Physics Polymers and Plastics

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