NDLI: Impact of urban water supply on energy use in China: a provincial and national comparison

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Smith, Kate Liu, Shuming Liu, Yi Savic, Dragan Olsson, Gustaf Chang, Tian Wu, Xue
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	To reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and help mitigate climate change, urban water systems need to be adapted so that electrical energy use is minimised. In this study, energy data from 2011 was used to quantify energy use in China’s urban water supply sector. The objective was to calculate the energy co-benefits of urban water conservation policies and compare energy use between China and other countries. The study investigated influencing factors with the aim of informing the development of energy efficient urban water infrastructure. The average energy use per cubic metre and per capita for urban water supply in China in 2011 was 0.29 kWh/m$^{3}$ and 33.2 kWh/cap year, respectively. Total GHG emissions associated with energy use in the urban water supply sector were 7.63 MtCO$_{2}$e, or carbon dioxide equivalent. Calculations using these indicators showed significant energy savings could result from water conservation measures. A comparison between provinces of China showed a direct correlation between energy intensity of urban water supply and the population served per unit length of pipe. This may imply energy and emission intensity can be reduced if more densely populated areas are supplied by a corresponding pipe density, rather than by a low-density network operating at higher flow rates. This study also found that while the percentage of electrical energy used for urban water supply tended to increase with the percentage of population served, this increase was slower where water supply was more energy efficient and where a larger percentage of population was already supplied.
Starting Page	1213
Ending Page	1233
Page Count	21
File Format	PDF
ISSN	13812386
Journal	Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change
Volume Number	21
Issue Number	8
e-ISSN	15731596
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2015-04-02
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	China Climate change Electrical energy use Greenhouse gas emissions Sustainability Water-energy nexus Water infrastructure Water supply Atmospheric Sciences Climate Change Management and Policy Environmental Management
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecology Global and Planetary Change

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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