NDLI: Getting Rid of Derivational Redundancy or How to Solve Kuhn’s Problem

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Getting Rid of Derivational Redundancy or How to Solve Kuhn’s Problem

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Bod, Rens
Copyright Year	2007
Abstract	This paper deals with the problem of derivational redundancy in scientific explanation, i.e. the problem that there can be extremely many different explanatory derivations for a natural phenomenon while students and experts mostly come up with one and the same derivation for a phenomenon (modulo the order of applying laws). Given this agreement among humans, we need to have a story of how to select from the space of possible derivations of a phenomenon the derivation that humans come up with. In this paper we argue that the problem of derivational redundancy can be solved by a new notion of “shortest derivation”, by which we mean the derivation that can be constructed by the fewest (and therefore largest) partial derivations of previously derived phenomena that function as “exemplars”. We show how the exemplar-based framework known as “Data-Oriented Parsing” or “DOP” can be employed to select the shortest derivation in scientific explanation. DOP’s shortest derivation of a phenomenon maximizes what is called the “derivational similarity” between a phenomenon and a corpus of exemplars. A preliminary investigation with exemplars from classical and fluid mechanics shows that the shortest derivation closely corresponds to the derivations that humans construct. Our approach also proposes a concrete solution to Kuhn’s problem of how we know on which exemplar a phenomenon can be modeled. We argue that humans model a phenomenon on the exemplar that is derivationally most similar to the phenomenon, i.e. the exemplar from which the largest subtree(s) can be used to derive the phenomenon.
Starting Page	47
Ending Page	66
Page Count	20
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09246495
Journal	Minds and Machines
Volume Number	17
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	15728641
Language	English
Publisher	Kluwer Academic Publishers
Publisher Date	2007-06-13
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Scientific explanation Derivational redundancy Exemplar-based reasoning Data-oriented parsing Shortest derivation Derivational similarity Kuhn’s problem Systems Theory, Control Interdisciplinary Studies Philosophy of Mind Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics)
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Philosophy Artificial Intelligence

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