NDLI: Glutamatergic and gabaergic neurotransmission and neuronal circuits in hepatic encephalopathy

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Cauli, Omar Rodrigo, Regina Llansola, Marta Montoliu, Carmina Monfort, Pilar Piedrafita, Blanca Mlili, Nisrin Boix, Jordi Agustí, Ana Felipo, Vicente
Copyright Year	2008
Abstract	Patients with hepatic encephalopathy (HE) may present different neurological alterations including impaired cognitive function and altered motor activity and coordination. HE may lead to coma and death. Many of these neurological alterations are the consequence of altered neurotransmission. Hyperammonemia is a main contributor to the alterations in neurotransmission and in neurological functions in HE. Both glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission are altered in animal models of HE. We review some of these alterations, especially those alterations in glutamatergic neurotransmission responsible for some specific neurological alterations in hyperammonemia and HE: the role 1) of excessive NMDA receptors activation in death induced by acute hyperammonemia; 2) of impaired function of the glutamate-nitric oxide-cGMP pathway, associated to NMDA receptors, in cognitive impairment in chronic HE; 3) of increased extracellular glutamate and activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors in substantia nigra in hypokinesia in chronic HE. The therapeutic implications are discussed. We also review the alterations in the function of the neuronal circuits between basal ganglia-thalamus-cortex modulating motor activity and the role of sequential alterations in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission in these alterations. HE would be a consequence of altered neuronal communication due to alterations in general neurotransmission involving different neurotransmitter systems in different neurons.
Starting Page	69
Ending Page	80
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
ISSN	08857490
Journal	Metabolic Brain Disease
Volume Number	24
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	15737365
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2008-12-16
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Hepatic encephalopathy Glutamate GABA Hypokinesia Motor function Neuronal circuits Hyperammonemia Oncology Biochemistry Neurology Neurosciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biochemistry Neurology (clinical) Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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