NDLI: The Protective Effect of L-Cysteine and Glutathione on the Adult and Aged Rat Brain (Na$^{+}$,K$^{+}$)-ATPase and Mg$^{2+}$-ATPase Activities in Galactosemia In Vitro

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Tsakiris, Stylias Carageorgiou, Haris Schulpis, Kleopatra H.
Copyright Year	2005
Abstract	The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the addition of the antioxidants L-cysteine (Cys) or the reduced glutathione (GSH) could reverse the alterations of brain total antioxidant status (TAS) and the modulated activities of the enzymes (Na$^{+}$,K$^{+}$)-ATPase, and Mg$^{2+}$-ATPase in adult or aged rat brain homogenates induced by galactosemia in vitro. Mixture A [mix. A: galactose-1-phosphate (Gal-1-P, 2 mM) plus galactitol (Galtol, 2 mM) plus galactose (Gal, 4 mM) = classical galactosemia] or mixture B [mix. B: Galtol (2 mM) plus Gal (1 mM) = galactokinase deficiency galactosemia] were preincubated in the presence or absence of Cys (0.83 mM) or GSH (0.83 mM) with adult or aged brain homogenates at 37$^{∘}$C for 1 h. TAS and the enzyme activities were determined spectrophotometrically. Mix. A or mix. B preincubation with the adult brain resulted in a significant (Na$^{+}$,K$^{+}$)-ATPase inhibition (−30%) and a Mg$^{2+}$-ATPase stimulation (+300% and +33%, respectively), whereas lower modifications of the enzyme activities (p < 0.001) were found in the aged brain. Gal mixtures decreased TAS by 40% (p < 0.001) and by 20% (p < 0.01) in adult and aged samples, respectively. The antioxidants significantly increased TAS resulting in the reversion of (Na$^{+}$,K$^{+}$)-ATPase inhibition and Mg$^{2+}$-ATPase stimulation by mix. B only. The inhibitory effect of Gal and its derivatives on brain (Na$^{+}$,K$^{+}$)-ATPase and their stimulatory effect on Mg$^{2+}$-ATPase are being decreased with age, probably due to the producion of free radicals. Cys and GSH increased TAS resulting in a reversion of the inhibited (Na$^{+}$,K$^{+}$)-ATPase in both models of the in vitro galactosemia and the stimulated Mg$^{2+}$-ATPase in galactokinase deficiency galactosemia only.
Starting Page	87
Ending Page	95
Page Count	9
File Format	PDF
ISSN	08857490
Journal	Metabolic Brain Disease
Volume Number	20
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	15737365
Language	English
Publisher	Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers
Publisher Date	2005-01-01
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Adult rat brain aged rat brain (Na$^{+}$,K$^{+}$)-ATPase Mg$^{2+}$-ATPase galactosemia antioxidants Neurosciences Neurology Oncology Biochemistry
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biochemistry Neurology (clinical) Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

Effects of adult-onset streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the rat brain antioxidant status and the activities of acetylcholinesterase, (Na$^{+}$,K$^{+}$)- and Mg$^{2+}$-ATPase: modulation by L-cysteine

Effects of hyper- and hypothyroidism on acetylcholinesterase, (Na$^{+}$, K$^{+}$)- and Mg $^{ 2+ }$-ATPase activities of adult rat hypothalamus and cerebellum

Suckling Rat Brain Regional Distribution of Na$^{+}$,K$^{+}$-ATPase Activity in the In Vitro Galactosaemia: The Effect of L-Cysteine and Glutathione

Changes in Antioxidant Status, Protein Concentration, Acetylcholinesterase, (Na$^{+}$,K$^{+}$)-, and Mg$^{2+}$-ATPase Activities in the Brain of Hyper- and Hypothyroid Adult Rats

Effects of fulminant hepatic encephalopathy on the adult rat brain antioxidant status and the activities of acetylcholinesterase, (Na$^{+}$,K$^{+}$)- and Mg$^{2+}$-ATPase: comparison of the enzymes’ response to in vitro treatment with ammonia

Choline-deprivation alters crucial brain enzyme activities in a rat model of diabetic encephalopathy

Experimentally-induced Wernicke’s encephalopathy modifies crucial rat brain parameters: the importance of Na$^{+}$,K$^{+}$-ATPase and a potentially neuroprotective role for antioxidant supplementation

Combined thirty-day exposure to thioacetamide and choline-deprivation alters serum antioxidant status and crucial brain enzyme activities in adult rats

Development of an animal model for gestational hypermethioninemia in rat and its effect on brain Na$^{+}$,K$^{+}$-ATPase/Mg$^{2+}$-ATPase activity and oxidative status of the offspring

The Protective Effect of L-Cysteine and Glutathione on the Adult and Aged Rat Brain (Na$^{+}$,K$^{+}$)-ATPase and Mg$^{2+}$-ATPase Activities in Galactosemia In Vitro

Similar Documents

Effects of adult-onset streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the rat brain antioxidant status and the activities of acetylcholinesterase, (Na$^{+}$,K$^{+}$)- and Mg$^{2+}$-ATPase: modulation by L-cysteine

Effects of hyper- and hypothyroidism on acetylcholinesterase, (Na$^{+}$, K$^{+}$)- and Mg $^{ 2+ }$-ATPase activities of adult rat hypothalamus and cerebellum

Suckling Rat Brain Regional Distribution of Na$^{+}$,K$^{+}$-ATPase Activity in the In Vitro Galactosaemia: The Effect of L-Cysteine and Glutathione

Changes in Antioxidant Status, Protein Concentration, Acetylcholinesterase, (Na$^{+}$,K$^{+}$)-, and Mg$^{2+}$-ATPase Activities in the Brain of Hyper- and Hypothyroid Adult Rats

Effects of fulminant hepatic encephalopathy on the adult rat brain antioxidant status and the activities of acetylcholinesterase, (Na$^{+}$,K$^{+}$)- and Mg$^{2+}$-ATPase: comparison of the enzymes’ response to in vitro treatment with ammonia

Choline-deprivation alters crucial brain enzyme activities in a rat model of diabetic encephalopathy

Experimentally-induced Wernicke’s encephalopathy modifies crucial rat brain parameters: the importance of Na$^{+}$,K$^{+}$-ATPase and a potentially neuroprotective role for antioxidant supplementation

Combined thirty-day exposure to thioacetamide and choline-deprivation alters serum antioxidant status and crucial brain enzyme activities in adult rats

Development of an animal model for gestational hypermethioninemia in rat and its effect on brain Na$^{+}$,K$^{+}$-ATPase/Mg$^{2+}$-ATPase activity and oxidative status of the offspring

The Protective Effect of L-Cysteine and Glutathione on the Adult and Aged Rat Brain (Na$^{+}$,K$^{+}$)-ATPase and Mg$^{2+}$-ATPase Activities in Galactosemia In Vitro