NDLI: Climatic and topographic controls on patterns of fire in the southern and central Appalachian Mountains, USA

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Climatic and topographic controls on patterns of fire in the southern and central Appalachian Mountains, USA

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Flatley, William T. Lafon, Charles W. Grissi Mayer, Henri D.
Copyright Year	2010
Abstract	Climate and topography are two important controls on spatial patterns of fire disturbance in forests globally, via their influence on fuel moisture and fuel production. To assess the influences of climate and topography on fire disturbance patterns in a temperate forest region, we analyzed the mapped perimeters of fires that burned during 1930–2003 in two national parks in the eastern United States. These were Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP) in the southern Appalachian Mountains and Shenandoah National Park (SNP) in the central Appalachian Mountains. We conducted GIS analyses to assess trends in area burned under differing climatic conditions and across topographic gradients (elevation, slope position, and aspect). We developed a Classification and Regression Tree model in order to further explore the interactions between topography, climate, and fire. The results demonstrate that climate is a strong driver of both spatial and temporal patterns of wildfire. Fire was most prevalent in the drier SNP than the wetter GSMNP, and during drought years in both parks. Topography also influenced fire occurrence, with relatively dry south-facing aspects, ridges, and lower elevations burning most frequently. However, the strength of topographic trends varied according to the climatic context. Weaker topographic trends emerged in the drier SNP than GSMNP, and during low-PDSI (dry) years than high-PDSI (wet) years in both parks. The apparent influence of climate on the spatial patterning of fire suggests a more general concept, that disturbance-prone landscapes exhibit weaker fine-scale spatial patterning of disturbance than do less disturbance-prone landscapes.
Starting Page	195
Ending Page	209
Page Count	15
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09212973
Journal	Landscape Ecology
Volume Number	26
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	15729761
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2010-11-13
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Fire ecology Forest disturbance Climate Topography Fire perimeters Spatial pattern Great Smoky Mountains National Park Shenandoah National Park Classification and regression tree model Plant Sciences Ecology Forestry Plant Ecology Landscape Ecology Forestry Management
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Geography, Planning and Development Ecology Nature and Landscape Conservation

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