NDLI: Sol–gel-based zirconia biocoatings on metal structurally enhanced by polyethylene glycol

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Lee, Han Liao, Jiunn Der Shao, Pei Lin Yao, Chih Kai Lin, Yu Hui Juang, Yung Der
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	For medical components, 316L stainless steel (SS) is widely used. After a period of time, its surface naturally generates a passive oxide layer. Although this layer prevents oxidation or corrosion in an air environment, corrosion still occurs with environmental variation. Thin-film ZrO$_{2}$ coatings on 316L SS deposited using a sol–gel process are a promising solution. In this work, a modified sol–gel process that uses polyethylene glycol as the binding agent was applied to improve the adhesion and reduce the thickness of ZrO$_{2}$ coatings on 316L SS. The physical, chemical, and topographical properties of ZrO$_{2}$ coatings were evaluated. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured on ZrO$_{2}$/316L SS and stained with fluorescent dyes to observe their morphology. Then, the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS assay) was used to evaluate their proliferation activity on ZrO$_{2}$/316L SS. The pro-inflammatory responses from the cells on ZrO$_{2}$/316L SS were further assessed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results show that an appropriate annealing process is required to remove solvents and additives and to improve the mechanical properties of ZrO$_{2}$ coatings. The addition of polyethylene glycol reduces the annealing temperature, enhances the mechanical properties of ZrO$_{2}$ coatings, and maintains surface biocompatibility. This paper contributes to the understanding of the cells viability, ZrO$_{2}$ sol–gel film cytotoxicity, and 316L SS stainless steel biocompatibility.Figure shows that the up-regulation of MCP-1 in HUVECs was time- and dose-dependent. With increasing treatment time, the released concentration of MCP-1 increased. A significant difference among doses became obvious after 4 h of treatment. Hence, the examination of pro-inflammatory responses was performed at 4 h after HUVEC incubation on the samples. The concentration of MCP-1 released by HUVECs cultured on the surface of 316L SS (the control) was higher than those on ZrO$_{2}$/316L SS.
Starting Page	574
Ending Page	584
Page Count	11
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09280707
Journal	Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology
Volume Number	77
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	15734846
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2015-10-12
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	ZrO$_{2}$ sol–gel film cytotoxicity Polyethylene glycol 316L SS stainless steel biocompatibility Viability Ceramics, Glass, Composites, Natural Methods Inorganic Chemistry Optical and Electronic Materials Nanotechnology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ceramics and Composites Chemistry Materials Chemistry Biomaterials Condensed Matter Physics Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

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