NDLI: Inflexible Parents, Inflexible Kids: A 6-Year Longitudinal Study of Parenting Style and the Development of Psychological Flexibility in Adolescents

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Williams, Kathryn E. Ciarrochi, Joseph Heaven, Patrick C. L.
Copyright Year	2012
Abstract	Parenting behaviors have been linked to children’s self regulation, but it is less clear how they relate to adolescent psychological flexibility. Psychological flexibility is a broad construct that describes an individual’s ability to respond appropriately to environmental demands and internal experiences in the service of their goals. We examined the longitudinal relationships between perceived parenting style and psychological flexibility among students at five Australian schools (N = 749) over 6 years, beginning in Grade 7 (50.3% female, mean age 12.39 years). Parenting style was measured in Grades 7 and 12, and psychological flexibility from Grade 9 through 12. Psychological flexibility decreased, on average, with age. Multi-level modelling indicated that authoritarian parenting (low warmth, high control) in Grade 7 predicted later (low) psychological flexibility. Moreover, increases in authoritarian parenting and decreases in authoritative parenting (high warmth and control) were associated with adolescent psychological flexibility across the high school years. Change in parenting predicted future psychological flexibility but did not predict change over time. Structural Equation Modelling revealed that adolescent psychological flexibility in Grade 9 predicted later decreases in authoritarian and increases in authoritative parenting. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding how parenting changes and the consequences of such change for the development of psychological flexibility.
Starting Page	1053
Ending Page	1066
Page Count	14
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00472891
Journal	Journal of Youth and Adolescence
Volume Number	41
Issue Number	8
e-ISSN	15736601
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2012-02-07
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Parenting style Self regulation Psychological flexibility Adolescence Longitudinal Reciprocal Bidirectional History of Psychology Health Psychology Child and School Psychology Law and Psychology Psychology Clinical Psychology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Education Developmental and Educational Psychology Social Psychology

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