NDLI: Microbial biomass yield and turnover in soil biodegradation tests: carbon substrate effects

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Chiellini, Emo Corti, Andrea D’Antone, Salvatore Billingham, rman C.
Copyright Year	2007
Abstract	Most of the standardized biodegradation tests used to assess the ultimate biodegradation of environmentally degradable polymers are based solely on the determination of net evolved carbon dioxide. However, under aerobic conditions, it has to be considered that heterotrophic microbial consortia metabolize carbon substrates both to carbon dioxide and in the production of new cell biomass. It is generally accepted that in the relatively short term, 50% of the carbon content of most organic substrates is converted to CO$_{2}$, with the remaining carbon being assimilated as biomass or incorporated into humus. The latter is particularly important when the metabolism of the organic matter occurs in a soil environment. A straightforward relationship between the free-energy content of a carbon substrate (expressed as the standard free-energy of combustion) and its propensity for conversion to new microbial biomass rather than mineralization to CO$_{2}$ has been established. This can potentially lead to underestimation of biodegradation levels of test compounds, especially when they consist of carbon in a fairly low formal oxidation state and relatively high free-energy content. In the present work, the metabolism of different kind of carbon substrates, especially in soil, is reviewed and compared with our own experimental results from respirometric tests. The results show that conversion of highly oxidized materials, such as the commonly used reference materials, cellulose or starch, to CO$_{2}$ may be significantly overestimated. The addition of glucosidic material to soil leads to greatly increased respiration and is accompanied by a very low conversion to biomass or humic substances. In contrast, relatively less oxidized substrates metabolize more slowly to give both CO$_{2}$ and biomass to an extent which may be significantly underestimated if glucosidic materials are used as the reference. The need for an overall carbon balance taking into account both the carbon immobilized as biomass and that volatized as CO$_{2}$ must be considered in standard respirometric procedures for assessing the biodegradability of slowly degrading macromolecules.
Starting Page	169
Ending Page	178
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISSN	15662543
Journal	Journal of Polymers and the Environment
Volume Number	15
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	15728900
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2007-07-06
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Biodegradation tests Carbon balance Cell biomass Metabolic efficiency Soil biodegradation Oxo-biodegradation Polymer Sciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Materials Chemistry Environmental Engineering Polymers and Plastics

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