NDLI: Behavioural and functional vestibular disorders after space flight: 2. Fish, amphibians and birds

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Lychakov, D. V.
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	The review presents data on functional changes in fish, amphibians and birds associated with otolith organ activity after exposure to weightlessness during spaceflight. These data are of importance both for solving some fundamental problems of vestibulology and for practice. In the latter case, lower vertebrates are considered as a convenient and, most importantly, adequate model to unravel the mechanisms of vestibular disorders in humans. Analysis of the experimental results shows that weightlessness exerts no substantial effect on the formation and functional state of the otolith system in embryos of fish, amphibians and birds developing during spaceflight. Moreover, they even promote faster embryonic development of fish and amphibians as shown for mammalian fetuses. The experiments show that both in lower and higher vertebrates weightlessness brings about similar functional and behavioral changes. For example, in fish hatchlings and amphibian tadpoles (without lordosis) the vestibulo-ocular reflex was more pronounced immediately after orbital spaceflight than in control. An analogous alteration in the otolith reflex was observed in most cosmonauts after short-time space missions. In adult terrestrial vertebrates, as well as in humans, immediately after landing there was found a drop in the level of activity and deterioration of the equilibrium function and motor coordination. Another interesting finding was an unusual looping behavior when fish and tadpoles swam in loops post landing. Presumably, unusual motor activity of animals, as well as illusions arising in cosmonauts and astronauts during the transition from 1 to 0 g, have the same background being associated with changes in the stimulation pattern of the otolith organs. Considering the similarity of vestibular responses, the use of animal models seems very promising as allowing different invasive techniques.
Starting Page	1
Ending Page	16
Page Count	16
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00220930
Journal	Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology
Volume Number	52
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	16083202
Language	English
Publisher	Pleiades Publishing
Publisher Date	2016-04-08
Publisher Place	Moscow
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	weightlessness fish amphibians birds vestibular system functional changes ontogenesis readaptation Evolutionary Biology Biochemistry Animal Physiology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Book Review
Subject	Physiology Biochemistry Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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