NDLI: Effects of Soldier-Derived Terpenes on Soldier Caste Differentiation in the Termite Reticulitermes flavipes

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Tarver, Matthew R. Schmelz, Eric A. Rocca, James R. Scharf, Michael E.
Copyright Year	2009
Abstract	Primer pheromones play key roles in regulating division of labor, which is a fundamental and defining aspect of insect sociality. Primer pheromones are chemical messengers that transmit hormone-like messages among colony members; in recipients, these messages can either induce or suppress phenotypic caste differentiation. Here, we investigated soldier caste-derived chemicals as possible primer pheromones in the lower termite Reticulitermes flavipes, a species for which no primer pheromones have yet been identified. We determined that soldier head extracts (SHE), when provided to totipotent workers along with the insect morphogenetic juvenile hormone (JH), significantly enhanced soldier caste differentiation. When applied alone, however, SHE had no impacts on caste differentiation, survivorship, or any other aspect of worker biology. These findings support a function of soldier chemicals as primer pheromones that enhance the action of the endogenous JH. In accord with previous studies, γ-cadinene and the corresponding aldehyde, γ-cadinenal, were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses as the two most abundant components of R. flavipes SHE. Validative bioassays with commercially available cadinene confirmed activity. Several other terpenes, previously identified in R. flavipes soldiers, also were found to be active. These findings reveal a novel primer pheromone-like function for soldier-derived terpenes in termites and further suggest convergent evolution of terpene functions in enhancing JH-dependent soldier caste differentiation.
Starting Page	256
Ending Page	264
Page Count	9
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00980331
Journal	Journal of Chemical Ecology
Volume Number	35
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	15731561
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2009-02-06
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Termite Soldier Primer pheromone Juvenile hormone Terpene Agriculture Biological Microscopy Entomology Biochemistry Ecology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Medicine Biochemistry Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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