NDLI: Survivability and reactivity of glycine and alanine in early oceans: effects of meteorite impacts

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Umeda, Yuhei Fukunaga, Nao Sekine, Toshimori Furukawa, Yoshihiro Kakegawa, Takeshi Kobayashi, Takamichi Nakazawa, Hiromoto
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	Prebiotic oceans might have contained abundant amino acids, and were subjected to meteorite impacts, especially during the late heavy bombardment. It is so far unknown how meteorite impacts affected amino acids in the early oceans. Impact experiments were performed under the conditions where glycine was synthesized from carbon, ammonia, and water, using aqueous solutions containing $^{13}$C-labeled glycine and alanine. Selected amino acids and amines in samples were analyzed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). In particular, the $^{13}$C-labeled reaction products were analyzed to distinguish between run products and contaminants. The results revealed that both amino acids survived partially in the early ocean through meteorite impacts, that part of glycine changed into alanine, and that large amounts of methylamine and ethylamine were formed. Fast decarboxylation was confirmed to occur during such impact processes. Furthermore, the formation of n-butylamine, detected only in the samples recovered from the solutions with additional nitrogen and carbon sources of ammonia and benzene, suggests that chemical reactions to form new biomolecules can proceed through marine impacts. Methylamine and ethylamine from glycine and alanine increased considerably in the presence of hematite rather than olivine under similar impact conditions. These results also suggest that amino acids present in early oceans can contribute further to impact-induced reactions, implying that impact energy plays a potential role in the prebiotic formation of various biomolecules, although the reactions are complicated and depend upon the chemical environments as well.
Starting Page	177
Ending Page	198
Page Count	22
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00920606
Journal	Journal of Biological Physics
Volume Number	42
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	15730689
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2015-09-15
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Meteorite impact reactions Amino acids Amines Prebiotic chemistry Origin of life Biophysics and Biological Physics Biochemistry Statistical Physics, Dynamical Systems and Complexity Neurosciences Soft and Granular Matter, Complex Fluids and Microfluidics
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cell Biology Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics Molecular Biology Biophysics

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