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Models of the Collective Behavior of Proteins in Cells: Tubulin, Actin and Motor Proteins

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Tuszynski, J.A. Brown, J.A. Sept, D.
Copyright Year	2003
Abstract	One of the most important issues of molecular biophysics is the complex and multifunctional behavior of the cell's cytoskeleton. Interiors of living cells are structurally organized by the cytoskeleton networks of filamentous protein polymers: microtubules, actin and intermediate filaments with motor proteins providing force and directionality needed for transport processes. Microtubules (MT's) take active part in material transport within the cell, constitute the most rigid elements of the cell and hence found many uses in cell motility (e.g. flagella andcilia). At present there is, however, no quantitatively predictable explanation of how these important phenomena are orchestrated at a molecular level. Moreover, microtubules have been demonstrated to self-organize leading to pattern formation. We discuss here several models which attempt to shed light on the assembly of microtubules and their interactions with motor proteins. Subsequently, an overview of actin filaments and their properties isgiven with particular emphasis on actin assembly processes. The lengths of actin filaments have been reported that were formed by spontaneous polymerization of highly purified actin monomers after labeling with rhodamine-phalloidin. The length distributions are exponential with a mean of about 7 μm. This length is independent of the initial concentration of actin monomer, an observation inconsistent with a simple nucleation-elongation mechanism. However, with the addition of physically reasonable rates of filament annealing and fragmenting, a nucleation-elongation mechanism can reproduce the observed average length of filaments in two types of experiments: (1) filaments formed from a wide range of highly purified actin monomer concentrations, and (2) filaments formed from 24 mM actin over a range of CapZ concentrations. In the final part of the paper we briefly review the stochastic models used to describe the motion of motor proteins on protein filaments. The vast majority of these models are based on ratchet potentials with the presence of thermal noise and forcing due to ATP binding and a subsequent hydrolysis. Many outstanding questions remain to be quantitatively addressed on a molecular level in order to explain the structure-to-function relationship for the key elements of the cytoskeleton discussed in this review.
Starting Page	401
Ending Page	428
Page Count	28
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00920606
Journal	Journal of Biological Physics
Volume Number	29
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	15730689
Language	English
Publisher	Kluwer Academic Publishers
Publisher Date	2003-01-01
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Neurosciences Bioinformatics Polymer Sciences Statistical Physics Condensed Matter Biophysics/Biomedical Physics
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cell Biology Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics Molecular Biology Biophysics

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Models of the collective behavior of proteins in cells: tubulin, actin and motor proteins.

Models of the Collective Behavior of Proteins in Cells: Tubulin, Actin and Motor Proteins

Contents Volume 29 (2003)

The Physics of Cell Membranes

Dielectric Properties of Yeast Cells Expressed With the Motor Protein Prestin

Physics of Ion Channels

Nonlinear Dynamics of Microtubules: Biophysical Implications

Photosynthesis: From Natural Towards Artificial

Author Index Volume 29 (2003)

Models of the Collective Behavior of Proteins in Cells: Tubulin, Actin and Motor Proteins

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Models of the collective behavior of proteins in cells: tubulin, actin and motor proteins.

Models of the Collective Behavior of Proteins in Cells: Tubulin, Actin and Motor Proteins

Contents Volume 29 (2003)

The Physics of Cell Membranes

Dielectric Properties of Yeast Cells Expressed With the Motor Protein Prestin

Physics of Ion Channels

Nonlinear Dynamics of Microtubules: Biophysical Implications

Photosynthesis: From Natural Towards Artificial

Author Index Volume 29 (2003)

Models of the Collective Behavior of Proteins in Cells: Tubulin, Actin and Motor Proteins