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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Hu, Youxin Pilliar, Robert Grynpas, Marc Kandel, Rita Werner Zwanziger, Ulrike Filiaggi, Mark |
| Copyright Year | 2016 |
| Abstract | A 2-Step sinter/anneal treatment has been reported previously for forming porous CPP as biodegradable bone substitutes [9]. During the 2-Step annealing treatment, the heat treatment used strongly affected the rate of CPP degradation in vitro. In the present study, x-ray diffraction and $^{31}$P solid state nuclear magnetic resonance were used to determine the phases that formed using different heat treating processes. The effect of in vitro degradation (in PBS at 37 °C, pH 7.1 or 4.5) was also studied. During CPP preparation, β-CPP and γ-CPP were identified in powders formed from a calcium monobasic monohydrate precursor after an initial calcining treatment (10 h at 500 °C). Melting of this CPP powder (at 1100 °C), quenching and grinding formed amorphous CPP powders. Annealing powders at 585 °C (Step-1) resulted in rapid sintering to form amorphous porous CPP. Continued annealing to 650 °C resulted in crystallization to form a multi-phase structure of β-CPP primarily plus lesser amounts of α-CPP, calcium ultra-phosphates and retained amorphous CPP. Annealing above 720 °C and up to 950 °C transformed this to β-CPP phase. In vitro degradation of the 585 °C (Step-1 only) and 650 °C Step-2 annealed multi-phase samples occurred significantly faster than the β-CPP samples formed by Step-2 annealing at or above 720 °C. This faster degradation was attributable to preferential degradation of thermodynamically less stable phases that formed in samples annealed at 650 °C (i.e. α-phase, ultra-phosphate and amorphous CPP). Degradation in lower pH solutions significantly increased degradation rates of the 585 and 650 °C annealed samples but had no significant effect on the β-CPP samples. |
| Starting Page | 1 |
| Ending Page | 11 |
| Page Count | 11 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 09574530 |
| Journal | Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine |
| Volume Number | 27 |
| Issue Number | 7 |
| e-ISSN | 15734838 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Springer US |
| Publisher Date | 2016-06-02 |
| Publisher Place | New York |
| Access Restriction | Subscribed |
| Subject Keyword | Biomaterials Biomedical Engineering Regenerative Medicine/Tissue Engineering Polymer Sciences Ceramics, Glass, Composites, Natural Methods Surfaces and Interfaces, Thin Films |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Biomaterials Biophysics Bioengineering Biomedical Engineering |
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