NDLI: Stability and release of antiviral drugs from ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Kalachandra, S. Takamata, T. Lin, D. M. Snyder, E. A. Webster Cyriaque, J.
Copyright Year	2006
Abstract	The use of polymer based drug delivery systems in dentistry is a relatively new area of research with the exception of the inhibition of secondary caries by the release of fluoride ions from polyalkenoate cements and their predecessors silicate cements. The present study was to test on orally biocompatible material, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), for release of antiviral drugs at oral therapeutic levels over extended periods of time. We also determined their stability during film casting and release. Materials studied include gancyclovir (GCY), acyclovir (ACY), dichloromethane (DCM), and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA). The square films (3 × 3 × 0.1 cm) were prepared from the dry sheet obtained by solvent evaporation of polymer casting solutions. These solutions were made of EVA and the drug (40:1) in 70 ml of dichloromethane at 38$^{∘}$C. Then drug release characteristics from the drug loaded films were examined at 37$^{∘}$C for a minimum of 14 days in 10 ml medium (ddwater) replaced daily. Kinetics of drug release were followed by spectral measurements using previously determined λ$_{max}$ values (GCY = 250 nm; ACY = 253 nm). A minimum of three samples was tested and reproducible results were obtained. Drug stability (ACY) during film casting and its release was determined using $^{1}$H NMR spectrometer (Bruker DRX-500 and 400). Rate of drug release was determined from the part of the curve (rate vs. time) after the onset of the “burst.” Although GCY has a larger molecular weight (255) than ACY (225), GCY exhibited about three times higher rate of release than ACY. This difference in rate values may be explained due to its relatively greater solubility in EVA, facilitating faster diffusion of the molecules through the channels present in EVA. This is consistent with the observation that the rate at which drug molecules diffuse through the channels of the polymer, can be increased by decreasing the molecular weight. In the case of ACY, the molecules may be undergoing molecular associations, perhaps dimerization or trimerization in addition to its lower solubility in EVA. The diffusion of ACY tends to be slower under these circumstances compared to GCY resulting in lower rate value than in the case of GCY. Biological studies revealed that ACY exhibited a remarkable decrease in a number of viral organisms present in virus infected cell culture system using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). NMR analysis indicates that the chemical structure of the drug remains stable during film casting process and release.
Starting Page	1227
Ending Page	1236
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09574530
Journal	Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine
Volume Number	17
Issue Number	12
e-ISSN	15734838
Language	English
Publisher	Kluwer Academic Publishers
Publisher Date	2006-01-01
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Polymer Sciences Biomaterials Metallic Materials Characterization and Evaluation Materials Ceramics, Glass, Composites, Natural Methods Surfaces and Interfaces, Thin Films
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biomaterials Biophysics Bioengineering Biomedical Engineering

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