NDLI: Fracture behavior of human molars

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Keown, Amanda J. Lee, James J. W. Bush, Mark B.
Copyright Year	2012
Abstract	Despite the durability of human teeth, which are able to withstand repeated loading while maintaining form and function, they are still susceptible to fracture. We focus here on longitudinal fracture in molar teeth—channel-like cracks that run along the enamel sidewall of the tooth between the gum line (cemento-enamel junction—CEJ) and the occlusal surface. Such fractures can often be painful and necessitate costly restorative work. The following study describes fracture experiments made on molar teeth of humans in which the molars are placed under axial compressive load using a hard indenting plate in order to induce longitudinal cracks in the enamel. Observed damage modes include fractures originating in the occlusal region (‘radial-median cracks’) and fractures emanating from the margin of the enamel in the region of the CEJ (‘margin cracks’), as well as ‘spalling’ of enamel (the linking of longitudinal cracks). The loading conditions that govern fracture behavior in enamel are reported and observations made of the evolution of fracture as the load is increased. Relatively low loads were required to induce observable crack initiation—approximately 100 N for radial-median cracks and 200 N for margin cracks—both of which are less than the reported maximum biting force on a single molar tooth of several hundred Newtons. Unstable crack growth was observed to take place soon after and occurred at loads lower than those calculated by the current fracture models. Multiple cracks were observed on a single cusp, their interactions influencing crack growth behavior. The majority of the teeth tested in this study were noted to exhibit margin cracks prior to compression testing, which were apparently formed during the functional lifetime of the tooth. Such teeth were still able to withstand additional loading prior to catastrophic fracture, highlighting the remarkable damage containment capabilities of the natural tooth structure.
Starting Page	2847
Ending Page	2856
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09574530
Journal	Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine
Volume Number	23
Issue Number	12
e-ISSN	15734838
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2012-09-06
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Surfaces and Interfaces, Thin Films Ceramics, Glass, Composites, Natural Methods Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Biomaterials Metallic Materials Polymer Sciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biomaterials Biophysics Bioengineering Biomedical Engineering

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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