NDLI: Synthesis of tetracalcium phosphate from mechanochemically activated reactants and assessment as a component of bone cements

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Romeo, H. E. Favich, M. A.
Copyright Year	2008
Abstract	The aim of this work was to gain a better understanding about the synthesis of tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP, Ca$_{4}$(PO$_{4}$)$_{2}$O) through a solid-state reaction from mechanochemically activated CaCO$_{3}$–(NH$_{4}$)$_{2}$HPO$_{4}$ mixtures. The evolution of the reaction was followed by DTA, XRD, FTIR and SEM techniques. An enhanced reactivity of the mixtures was detected as the mechanochemical treatment times increased. This effect was related to both the loss of crystallinity of the reactants and the production of defects on their surfaces. 6 h of mechanochemical processing at 1190 rpm, followed by 3 h of thermal treatment at 1500°C, were enough to obtain pure TTCP. The crystallinity and purity of the obtained TTCP were checked by XRD and FTIR. The morphologic characteristics were analyzed by SEM and BET analysis. The behavior of synthesized TTCP powder in combination with commercial dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA, CaHPO$_{4}$), as the solid phase of bone cements, was tested. Both the combination of different particle sizes of TTCP and DCPA and the effect of different kinds of accelerator agents (disodium hydrogen phosphate, tartaric acid, citric acid and oxalic acid) on setting time and degree of conversion to hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca$_{10}$(PO$_{4}$)$_{6}$(OH)$_{2}$) were evaluated. The combination of TTCP (0.32 m$^{2}$/g) with DCPA (1.52 m$^{2}$/g), in a 1/1 molar ratio, showed the shortest setting times and high conversions to HA when an oxalic acid solution (5% volume fraction) was used as the liquid phase of the formulation. Results obtained from this work demonstrated that synthesized TTCP shows promising behavior as a component of bone cements, exhibiting not only a smaller particle size than that usually reported but also a low degree of crystallinity, all of which increases the reactivity of the obtained TTCP. This study provided a very efficient method for synthesizing pure TTCP through a modified solid-state reaction from mechanochemically activated reactants, employing very short times of thermal treatment in comparison with the conventional processes.
Starting Page	2751
Ending Page	2760
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09574530
Journal	Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine
Volume Number	19
Issue Number	7
e-ISSN	15734838
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2008-02-29
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Surfaces and Interfaces, Thin Films Ceramics, Glass, Composites, Natural Methods Metallic Materials Polymer Sciences Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Biomaterials
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biomaterials Biophysics Bioengineering Biomedical Engineering

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