NDLI: Structure and magnetic properties of Ni$_{0.64}$Zn$_{0.36}$Fe$_{2}$O$_{4}$ nanoparticles synthesized by high-energy milling and subsequent heat treatment

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Hajalilou, Abdollah Hashim, Mansor Mohamed Kamari, Halimah
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	High energy ball milling and subsequent annealing were applied to synthesize nanocrystalline Ni$_{0.64}$Zn$_{0.36}$Fe$_{2}$O$_{4}$ ferrite from a powder mixture of pure metal Zn, Fe$_{2}$O$_{3}$ and NiO in an oxygen atmosphere. The structural and phase evolution of powder particles after different milling times were studied by X-ray diffractometry. The XRD results showed that a Ni–Zn ferrite was formed with some residual Fe$_{2}$O$_{3}$ by annealing a 30-h-milled sample at as low as 400 °C for 2 h. The average crystallite size of the 30 h-milled powder was estimated to be about 15 nm which grew to 21 nm after annealing at 500 °C for 2 h. TEM image showed an agglomerated state of particles for 30 h-milled powders. FT-IR analysis indicated two absorption bands in the Ni–Zn ferrite structure related to octahedral and tetrahedral sites, respectively, in the range of 400–600 cm$^{−1}$. Thermogravimetric analysis showed a mass loss about 2 % for as-received powder mixture below 400 °C; after that, it was almost stable. The Ni–Zn ferrite formation mechanism was detected to be in three stages: oxidation of zinc, diffusion of ZnO in Fe$_{2}$O$_{3}$ and the formation of ZnFe$_{2}$O$_{4}$, and diffusion of NiO in ZnFe$_{2}$O$_{4}$ and the formation of Ni–Zn ferrite. Vibrating sample magnetometery results revealed that a saturation magnetization of the 30 h-milled sample was about 5 emu/g which increased to 16 emu/g after annealing at 400 °C due to a reduction in density of lattice imperfections and strain.
Starting Page	1709
Ending Page	1718
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09574522
Journal	Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics
Volume Number	26
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	1573482X
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2014-12-12
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Optical and Electronic Materials Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics Biomaterials Biophysics Condensed Matter Physics Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Bioengineering Electrical and Electronic Engineering Biomedical Engineering

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