NDLI: Structural, microstructure and magnetic properties of superparamagnetic Mn$_{x}$Mg$_{1−X}$Fe$_{2}$O$_{4}$ powders synthesized by sol

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Rashad, M. M. Fayed, M. G. Sami, T. M. El Shereafy, E. E.
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	Ultrafine manganese magnesium ferrites Mn$_{ x }$Mg$_{1− x }$Fe$_{2}$O$_{4}$ powders (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8) have been synthesized using a sol–gel auto-combustion method using tartaric acid as a fuel for the first time. The effect of synthesis conditions such as annealing temperature, Mn$^{2+}$ ion molar ratio and type of carboxylic acid on the crystal structure, microstructure and magnetic properties was investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer, respectively. The results demonstrated that well crystalline single cubic spinel Mn$_{ x }$Mg$_{1− x }$Fe$_{2}$O$_{4}$ phase was formed at annealing temperature 1,200 °C for time 2 h. The crystallite size, lattice parameter (a) and the unit cell volume were observed to increase as the annealing temperature and the Mn$^{2+}$ content were increased. The microstructure of the formed powders was synthesis conditions dependent. The produced powders were found to be well defined cubic-like structure with high homogeneity by increasing Mn$^{2+}$ ion concentration up to 0.8. Furthermore, the change of carboxylic acid influenced the microstructure of the formed Mn$_{ x }$Mg$_{1− x }$Fe$_{2}$O$_{4}$ powders as the results of change of the amount of released carbon dioxide and water vapor during the annealing. The magnetic properties were sensitive to annealing temperature, Mn$^{2+}$ ion molar ratio, and type of carboxylic acid. Good saturation magnetization (Ms = ~47.0 emu/g) was achieved with Mn$^{2+}$ ion ratio 0.8 at annealing temperature 1,200 °C for 2 h using tartaric acid as an organic fuel whereas the maximum saturation magnetization (Ms = ~49.4 emu/g) was obtained using citric acid as a fuel at the similar conditions and Mn$^{2+}$ ion content 0.5.
Starting Page	1259
Ending Page	1267
Page Count	9
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09574522
Journal	Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics
Volume Number	26
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	1573482X
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2014-11-26
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Optical and Electronic Materials Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics Biomaterials Biophysics Condensed Matter Physics Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Bioengineering Electrical and Electronic Engineering Biomedical Engineering

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