NDLI: Effects of CdCl$_{2}$ treatment on deep levels in CdTe and their implications on thin film solar cells: a comprehensive photoluminescence study

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Dharmadasa, I. M. Echendu, O. K. Fauzi, F. Abdul Manaf, N. A. Salim, H. I. Druffel, T. Dharmadasa, R. Lavery, B.
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	This work is aimed at studying defect level distributions in the bandgap of CdTe thin films, used for solar cell development. In particular, the effects of CdCl$_{2}$ treatment on the defect levels are the main objectives of this research. Four different nearly optimised CdTe thin films were electroplated using three different Cd-precursors (CdSO$_{4}$, Cd(NO$_{3}$)$_{2}$ and CdCl$_{2}$), and bulk CdTe wafers purchased from industry were studied using low temperature photoluminescence. The finger prints of defects, 0.55 eV below the conduction band down to the valence band edge were investigated. In all of the CdTe layers, four electron trap levels were observed with varying intensities but at very similar energy positions, indicating that the origin of these defects are mainly from native defects. CdCl$_{2}$ treatment and annealing eliminates two defect levels completely and the mid-gap recombination centres are reduced drastically by this processing step. The optical bandgap of all four as-deposited CdTe layers is ~1.50 eV, and reduces to ~1.47 eV after CdCl$_{2}$ treatment. The material grown using the CdCl$_{2}$ precursor seems to produce CdTe material with the cleanest bandgap, most probably due to the built-in CdCl$_{2}$ treatment while growing the material.
Starting Page	4571
Ending Page	4583
Page Count	13
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09574522
Journal	Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics
Volume Number	26
Issue Number	7
e-ISSN	1573482X
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2015-05-09
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Optical and Electronic Materials Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics Biomaterials Biophysics Condensed Matter Physics Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Bioengineering Electrical and Electronic Engineering Biomedical Engineering

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