NDLI: Carbon xerogels as electrodes for supercapacitors. The influence of the catalyst concentration on the microstructure and on the electrochemical properties

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Mezzavilla, Stefa Zanella, Caterina Aravind, Parakkulam Ramaswamy Della Volpe, Claudio Sorarù, Gian Domenico
Copyright Year	2012
Abstract	Carbon xerogels, synthesized through the resorcinol–formaldehyde polycondensation and subsequently dried under subcritical condition, have been studied as electrodes for supercapacitors. In particular, the influence of the catalyst concentration has been investigated by systematically changing the amount of catalyst (Na$_{2}$CO$_{3}$) utilized to synthesize the xerogels. To clarify the effect of such variable, both the surface properties and the electrochemical behavior of xerogel-based supercapacitors have been examined. From the xerogels characterization, it can be inferred that the amount of catalyst used has a strong influence on the properties of the material. Contrary to what happens with carbon aerogels, the best properties are obtained with the xerogels synthesized with the least amount of catalyst: in this case the highest measured specific capacitance of the supercapacitor cells, which is assembled coupling two symmetric electrodes in series, is 25 F/g, value that corresponds to a single-electrode specific capacitance of 100 F/g. The maximum energy storage capacity in an aqueous electrolyte is 3.1 Wh/kg. Using more concentrated catalyst solutions, the gel microstructure becomes finer, composed of smaller particles and pores, which in turns leads to an increase of the capillary drying stresses and to the collapse of the organic structure. Consequently, the shrinkage of the gels is high and the final carbon xerogels do not posses sufficient surface area and porosity to store a significative amount of energy.
Starting Page	7175
Ending Page	7180
Page Count	6
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00222461
Journal	Journal of Materials Science
Volume Number	47
Issue Number	20
e-ISSN	15734803
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2012-06-28
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Crystallography Materials Science Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Mechanics Continuum Mechanics and Mechanics of Materials Polymer Sciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ceramics and Composites Mechanics of Materials Mechanical Engineering Polymers and Plastics

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