NDLI: Spark plasma sintering of commercial and development titanium alloy powders

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Weston, N. S. Derguti, F. Tudball, A. Jackson, M.
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	Emerging lower cost titanium metal powder produced via an electrolytic method has been fully consolidated using spark plasma sintering (SPS) generating microstructures comparable to those observed in Ti–6Al–4V PM product. This is the first time powder from an alternative titanium extraction method has been processed via SPS and it is benchmarked with commercial alloys (CP–Ti, Ti–6Al–4V, and Ti–5Al–5V–5Mo–3Cr). The effect of powder feedstock size, morphology, and alloy chemistry on the consolidated density and microstructure is presented. Through a design of experiments (DoE) type approach the effect of SPS processing conditions on these alloy powders, including maximum sintering temperature, pressure, heating rate, and dwell time were investigated. The SPS process is found to be largely insensitive to feedstock size and morphology, although very large or highly porous powder particles are more difficult to fully consolidate. The maximum sintering temperature and pressure have the largest contribution to achieving full consolidation, with higher pressures and temperatures increasing the final density. Increasing heating rate increases the final grain size, despite less time being spent at the higher temperature and it is thought this is due to bypassing the traditional first phase of sintering. This paper shows that SPS is a viable step for a low-cost manufacturing route, for example to produce preform billets to be finished with a one-step forging operation, especially when combined with the possibility of lower cost powder. In the long-term, SPS will allow a significant reduction in the processing cost, contributing to an increased usage of titanium powder feedstock for a range of applications. This is reinforced by the successful large scale production of a 5 kg SPS Ti-6-4 billet, demonstrating the potential industrial scalability of the process, particularly for the aerospace industry.
Starting Page	4860
Ending Page	4878
Page Count	19
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00222461
Journal	Journal of Materials Science
Volume Number	50
Issue Number	14
e-ISSN	15734803
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2015-04-29
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Materials Science Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Polymer Sciences Continuum Mechanics and Mechanics of Materials Crystallography Mechanics
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ceramics and Composites Mechanics of Materials Mechanical Engineering Polymers and Plastics

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