NDLI: Biogeography and designatable units of Bombus occidentalis Greene and B. terricola Kirby (Hymenoptera: Apidae) with implications for conservation status assessments

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Sheffield, Cory S. Richardson, Leif Cannings, Syd Ngo, Hien Heron, Jennifer Williams, Paul H.
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	Conservation action for species of concern requires that “designatable units” (e.g., species, subspecies, geographic races, genetically distinct forms) are clearly defined, or that the species complex is treated as a whole. Several species of bumble bee are currently threatened, and some of these have cryptic colouration (resembling other species), or form complexes that vary considerably in colour patterning. Here we address the taxonomy and distribution of Bombus occidentalis Greene and B. terricola Kirby, both of which are currently of conservation concern in North America. Bombus occidentalis includes two apparently monophyletic groups of COI barcode haplotypes (recently considered as subspecies) with ranges mostly separated by that of their sister species, B. terricola. The southern B. o. occidentalis ranges throughout the western United States and into western Canada from southern Saskatchewan and Alberta, and throughout British Columbia north to ca. 55°N; the northern B. o. mckayi Ashmead, is restricted to north of this in British Columbia, westernmost Northwest Territories, Yukon Territory and Alaska. Bombus o. mckayi exists, as far as is known, only with a “banded” colour pattern. By contrast, B. o. occidentalis occurs in both banded and non-banded colour patterns, although the southern banded colour pattern is geographically isolated from the northern subspecies. Bombus o. occidentalis has declined throughout its range, perhaps due in part to exposure to novel parasites. Despite having similar levels of parasitism (ca. 40 %) as the southern subspecies, B. o. mckayi appears to have stable populations at present. There is therefore compelling evidence that the two subspecies should be distinguished for conservation and management purposes. We present the evidence for their distinction and provide tools for subspecies recognition.
Starting Page	189
Ending Page	199
Page Count	11
File Format	PDF
ISSN	1366638X
Journal	Journal of Insect Conservation
Volume Number	20
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	15729753
Language	English
Publisher	Springer International Publishing
Publisher Date	2016-02-11
Publisher Place	Cham
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Bombus Cryptic species Species at risk Conservation DNA barcode Distribution Entomology Conservation Biology/Ecology Biodiversity Animal Ecology Life Sciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecology Animal Science and Zoology Nature and Landscape Conservation Insect Science

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