NDLI: Base metal Co-fired (Na,K)NbO$_{3}$ structures with enhanced piezoelectric performance

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Liu, Cheng Liu, Peng Kobayashi, Keisuke Randall, Clive A.
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	A NaF-Nb$_{2}$O$_{5}$ flux doped (Na,K)NbO$_{3}$ (NKN) based lead-free ceramic was successfully co-fired with nickel inner electrodes in reduced atmospheres. No chemical reactions and/or inter-diffusion were detected at the interface between the nickel (Ni) electrodes and the NKN-based piezoelectrics. Dielectric, resistivity, and electromechanical performance were measured with processing under different firing conditions and flux additions to obtain high densities. Ceramics are obtained with submicron grain structures with the NaF-Nb$_{2}$O$_{5}$ sintering aids (2 and 4 wt%) fluxes, and high densities when firing at low pO$_{2}$ (10$^{−10}$ atms) atmospheres at sintering temperatures ~1150 °C for 2 hours. High resistivities and low losses can be obtained through a second annealing condition at 850 °C and 10$^{−7}$ atms at 8 hours. High d $_{33}$ values (over 350 pm/V) determined under unipolar converse electromechanical measurements were obtained in the simple prototyped co-fired structures to show feasibility towards base metal electrodes in multilayer actuators.
Starting Page	301
Ending Page	306
Page Count	6
File Format	PDF
ISSN	13853449
Journal	Journal of Electroceramics
Volume Number	32
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	15738663
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2014-02-21
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Lead-free Piezoelectric Reduced firing BME Cofiring Optical and Electronic Materials Ceramics, Glass, Composites, Natural Methods Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Electrochemistry Crystallography
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ceramics and Composites Materials Chemistry Mechanics of Materials Condensed Matter Physics Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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